|
FIRST RELEASE |
CROATIAN
BUREAU OF STATISTICS ISSN 1334-0565 |
|||
|
|
||||
|
YEAR: XLVI. |
ZAGREB, 29 OCTOBER, 2009 |
NUMBER: 8.2.1. |
||
|
|
||||
|
|
OBLIGED TO NOTIFY DATA SOURCE |
|||
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, 2008
In 2008, according to this survey, the gross domestic expenditures for R&D were the highest in fields of engineering (30.8%), life sciences (21.5%), biomedicine and health (17.0%) and humanities (11.4%).
Regarding sources intended for R&D, 46.7% were central and local government resources, 36.4% were own resources and 8.8% were resources of private and public enterprises. Foreign resources take part at 7.9% of the whole.
For reasons of international comparability in business sector, “activity groups” were formed following the international methodology (the Frascati Manual 2002). They are in line with the NKD 2007. and therefore comparable to the NACE and ISIC. The highest expenditures in that system were shown in the activity group comprised in the NKD 2007. division 72, Research and development (31.9%), followed by Manufacture of basic pharmaceutical products and pharmaceutical preparations (27.1%) and Telecommunications (14.9%).
There were 15 755 persons in full- and part-time employment engaged in R&D-related jobs, out of which 49.4% were women. Out of the total number, 68.3% were researchers. The share of women among researchers was 46.0%. There were 53.2% doctors of science among researchers (share of women among researchers holding a degree of doctor of science was 41.7%) and 14.4% masters of science (with 48.0% share of women).
In line with the requirements of the international statistics, the total of 10 767 researchers in full-and part-time employment might as well be expressed by the full-time equivalent (FTE) in the R&D-related jobs. Thus, there were 6 300 person-years (that is, researchers working full time in R&D), which is an indicator of the actual quality manpower in this field in Croatia.
There were 1 773 persons hired by contractual agreement or author’s contract, which was 665 person-years expressed by means of full-time equivalent. Among them there were 1 148 researchers or 396 person-years.
Out of the total of 10 567 published research works, the greatest share pertained to three fields of science: engineering (19.1%), social sciences (18.3%) and biotechnical sciences (15.9%). Regarding the breakdown of published research works by type, the majority were basic (46.9%), followed by applied works (38.6%). There were 37.8% research works issued in international publications.
Regarding the sectoral distribution, 68 out of 205 observation units belonged to business sector, 62 to government sector, 1 to non-profit sector and 74 to higher education.
Thousand kuna
|
|
Gross domestic expenditures |
Gross investments |
Current expenditures |
||
|
Total |
Gross wages |
Material costs |
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sectors − total |
3 073 965 |
418 957 |
2 655 008 |
1 590 808 |
1 064 200 |
|
Life sciences |
661 934 |
100 397 |
561 537 |
303 243 |
258 294 |
|
Engineering |
947 497 |
181 326 |
766 171 |
508 914 |
257 257 |
|
Biomedicine and health |
521 064 |
26 637 |
494 427 |
214 617 |
279 810 |
|
Biotechnical sciences |
295 305 |
44 667 |
250 638 |
167 890 |
82 748 |
|
Social sciences |
288 069 |
12 930 |
275 139 |
175 592 |
99 547 |
|
Humanities |
351 577 |
52 588 |
298 989 |
213 695 |
85 294 |
|
Artistic field |
1 580 |
2 |
1 578 |
1 481 |
97 |
|
Interdisciplinary field of science |
6 939 |
410 |
6 529 |
5 376 |
1 153 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Business sector |
1 361 423 |
246 843 |
1 114 580 |
572 741 |
541 839 |
|
Life sciences |
274 929 |
57 161 |
217 768 |
71 260 |
146 508 |
|
Engineering |
601 577 |
142 418 |
459 159 |
321 669 |
137 490 |
|
Biomedicine and health |
363 815 |
13 873 |
349 942 |
112 896 |
237 046 |
|
Biotechnical sciences |
102 111 |
33 373 |
68 738 |
51 663 |
17 075 |
|
Social sciences |
18 991 |
18 |
18 973 |
15 253 |
3 720 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Government sector |
776 109 |
62 385 |
713 724 |
461 877 |
251 847 |
|
Life sciences |
315 482 |
33 312 |
282 170 |
190 259 |
91 911 |
|
Engineering |
67 578 |
7 927 |
59 651 |
41 328 |
18 323 |
|
Biomedicine and health |
74 457 |
5 801 |
68 656 |
50 733 |
17 923 |
|
Biotechnical sciences |
36 698 |
2 217 |
34 481 |
25 120 |
9 361 |
|
Social sciences |
154 807 |
9 941 |
144 866 |
73 679 |
71 187 |
|
Humanities |
120 148 |
2 777 |
117 371 |
75 382 |
41 989 |
|
Interdisciplinary field of science |
6 939 |
410 |
6 529 |
5 376 |
1 153 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-profit sector |
3 731 |
178 |
3 553 |
2 275 |
1 278 |
|
Humanities |
3 731 |
178 |
3 553 |
2 275 |
1 278 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Higher education |
932 702 |
109 551 |
823 151 |
553 915 |
269 236 |
|
Life sciences |
71 523 |
9 924 |
61 599 |
41 724 |
19 875 |
|
Engineering |
278 342 |
30 981 |
247 361 |
145 917 |
101 444 |
|
Biomedicine and health |
82 792 |
6 963 |
75 829 |
50 988 |
24 841 |
|
Biotechnical sciences |
156 496 |
9 077 |
147 419 |
91 107 |
56 312 |
|
Social sciences |
114 271 |
2 971 |
111 300 |
86 660 |
24 640 |
|
Humanities |
227 698 |
49 633 |
178 065 |
136 038 |
42 027 |
|
Artistic field |
1 580 |
2 |
1 578 |
1 481 |
97 |
Thousand kuna
|
|
Total |
Own |
Central and local government |
Private and public enterprises |
Non-profit |
Foreign |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sectors – total |
3 073 965 |
1 118 236 |
1 436 542 |
272 007 |
5 700 |
241 480 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Percentage |
100,0 |
36,4 |
46,7 |
8,8 |
0,2 |
7,9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Business sector |
1 361 423 |
983 180 |
23 955 |
153 700 |
612 |
199 976 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Percentage |
100,0 |
72,2 |
1,8 |
11,3 |
0,0 |
14,7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Government sector |
776 109 |
78 149 |
653 886 |
21 760 |
1 953 |
20 361 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Percentage |
100,0 |
10,1 |
84,3 |
2,8 |
0,2 |
2,6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-profit sector |
3 731 |
21 |
1 787 |
- |
- |
1 923 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Percentage |
100,0 |
0,6 |
47,9 |
- |
- |
51,5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Higher education |
932 702 |
56 886 |
756 914 |
96 547 |
3 135 |
19 220 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Percentage |
100,0 |
6,1 |
81,2 |
10,3 |
0,3 |
2,1 |
Thousand kuna
|
|
Gross domestic expenditures |
Gross |
Current expenditures |
||
|
Total |
Gross wages |
Material costs |
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Business sector − total |
1 361 423 |
246 843 |
1 114 580 |
572 741 |
541 839 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing (01, 02, 03) |
960 |
20 |
940 |
870 |
70 |
|
Manufacture of food products and beverages (10, 11) |
81 631 |
31 051 |
50 580 |
38 826 |
11 754 |
|
Manufacture of tobacco products (12) |
689 |
- |
689 |
590 |
99 |
|
Manufacture of wearing apparel and articles of fur (14) |
1 897 |
1 572 |
325 |
101 |
224 |
|
Manufacture of refined petroleum products(19.2) |
40 357 |
8 000 |
32 357 |
27 588 |
4 769 |
|
Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products (20) |
15 571 |
91 |
15 480 |
12 777 |
2 703 |
|
Manufacture of basic pharmaceutical products and pharmaceutical preparations (21) |
368 953 |
13 820 |
355 133 |
116 675 |
238 458 |
|
Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment (25, except 25.4) |
975 |
- |
975 |
630 |
345 |
|
Manufacture
of electrical motors, generators and |
14 726 |
489 |
14 237 |
8 519 |
5 718 |
|
Manufacture of electricity distribution and control apparatus (27.12) |
893 |
45 |
848 |
711 |
137 |
|
Manufacture of other electrical equipment (27.9) |
941 |
203 |
738 |
339 |
399 |
|
Manufacture of communication equipment (26.3) |
8 057 |
297 |
7 760 |
7 198 |
562 |
|
Manufacture of motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers (29) |
81 438 |
56 126 |
25 312 |
10 297 |
15 015 |
|
Building of ships and boats; repair and maintenance of ships and boats (30.1, 33.15) |
15 914 |
10 402 |
5 512 |
5 275 |
237 |
|
Manufacture of railway locomotives and rolling stock; repair and maintenance of other transport equipment (30.2, 33.17) |
11 984 |
- |
11 984 |
5 136 |
6 848 |
|
Construction (41, 42, 43) |
47 589 |
1 300 |
46 289 |
32 177 |
14 112 |
|
Telecommunications (61) |
202 728 |
54 073 |
148 655 |
115 648 |
33 007 |
|
Financial service activities; insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security; activities auxiliary to financial services (64, 65, 66) |
18 398 |
- |
18 398 |
14 931 |
3 467 |
|
Computer
programming and releated activities (exc. |
4 396 |
485 |
3 911 |
2 748 |
1 163 |
|
Software publishing; Computer consultancy activities (58.2, 62.02) |
5 223 |
26 |
5 197 |
3 795 |
1 402 |
|
Scientific research and development (72) |
434 537 |
68 843 |
365 694 |
166 269 |
199 425 |
|
Architectural and engineering activities and related technical consultancy; Technical testing and analysis (71) |
3 566 |
- |
3 566 |
1 641 |
1 925 |
4.1. PERSONS IN FULL-TIME AND PART-TIME EMPLOYMENT ENGAGED IN R&D, BY SECTORS, FIELDS OF SCIENCE AND SEX, 2008
Headcount
|
|
Total |
Researchers |
Research |
Technicians |
Managers |
Other supporting |
||||||
|
|
All |
Women |
All |
Women |
All |
Women |
All |
Women |
All |
Women |
All |
Women |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sectors − total |
15 755 |
7 789 |
10 767 |
4 952 |
1 594 |
716 |
1 555 |
856 |
310 |
131 |
1 529 |
1 134 |
|
Life sciences |
2 183 |
1 107 |
1 428 |
698 |
236 |
119 |
228 |
106 |
29 |
17 |
262 |
167 |
|
Engineering |
4 598 |
1 529 |
2 869 |
859 |
736 |
195 |
499 |
165 |
127 |
32 |
367 |
278 |
|
Biomedicine and health |
3 598 |
2 060 |
2 757 |
1 424 |
148 |
105 |
400 |
299 |
63 |
41 |
230 |
191 |
|
Biotechnical sciences |
1 597 |
868 |
897 |
426 |
167 |
113 |
176 |
107 |
46 |
22 |
311 |
200 |
|
Social sciences |
2 184 |
1 260 |
1 516 |
796 |
240 |
147 |
190 |
129 |
26 |
11 |
212 |
177 |
|
Humanities |
1 548 |
937 |
1 267 |
730 |
61 |
35 |
62 |
50 |
19 |
8 |
139 |
114 |
|
Artistic field |
12 |
6 |
12 |
6 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Interdisciplinary
field of |
35 |
22 |
21 |
13 |
6 |
2 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
8 |
7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Business sector |
2 898 |
1 306 |
1 250 |
548 |
697 |
252 |
603 |
308 |
193 |
81 |
155 |
117 |
|
Life sciences |
165 |
121 |
97 |
69 |
15 |
12 |
25 |
19 |
17 |
12 |
11 |
9 |
|
Engineering |
1 757 |
531 |
792 |
222 |
496 |
129 |
302 |
117 |
105 |
27 |
62 |
36 |
|
Biomedicine and health |
555 |
394 |
257 |
193 |
20 |
17 |
195 |
120 |
41 |
25 |
42 |
39 |
|
Biotechnical sciences |
312 |
213 |
97 |
62 |
86 |
61 |
69 |
47 |
30 |
17 |
30 |
26 |
|
Social sciences |
109 |
47 |
7 |
2 |
80 |
33 |
12 |
5 |
- |
- |
10 |
7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Government sector |
4 013 |
2 133 |
2 465 |
1 258 |
598 |
325 |
364 |
196 |
72 |
26 |
514 |
328 |
|
Life sciences |
1 233 |
615 |
703 |
362 |
189 |
88 |
135 |
49 |
12 |
5 |
194 |
111 |
|
Engineering |
221 |
81 |
54 |
15 |
83 |
24 |
26 |
7 |
16 |
3 |
42 |
32 |
|
Biomedicine and health |
1 184 |
614 |
989 |
473 |
115 |
80 |
47 |
35 |
14 |
9 |
19 |
17 |
|
Biotechnical sciences |
335 |
157 |
114 |
48 |
34 |
14 |
55 |
34 |
11 |
3 |
121 |
58 |
|
Social sciences |
518 |
332 |
229 |
124 |
122 |
86 |
79 |
56 |
15 |
4 |
73 |
62 |
|
Humanities |
487 |
312 |
355 |
223 |
49 |
31 |
22 |
15 |
4 |
2 |
57 |
41 |
|
Interdisciplinary
field of |
35 |
22 |
21 |
13 |
6 |
2 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
8 |
7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-profit sector |
17 |
6 |
9 |
2 |
6 |
3 |
- |
- |
1 |
- |
1 |
1 |
|
Humanities |
17 |
6 |
9 |
2 |
6 |
3 |
- |
- |
1 |
- |
1 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Higher education |
8 827 |
4 344 |
7 043 |
3 144 |
293 |
136 |
588 |
352 |
44 |
24 |
859 |
688 |
|
Life sciences |
785 |
371 |
628 |
267 |
32 |
19 |
68 |
38 |
- |
- |
57 |
47 |
|
Engineering |
2 620 |
917 |
2 023 |
622 |
157 |
42 |
171 |
41 |
6 |
2 |
263 |
210 |
|
Biomedicine and health |
1 859 |
1 052 |
1 511 |
758 |
13 |
8 |
158 |
144 |
8 |
7 |
169 |
135 |
|
Biotechnical sciences |
950 |
498 |
686 |
316 |
47 |
38 |
52 |
26 |
5 |
2 |
160 |
116 |
|
Social sciences |
1 557 |
881 |
1 280 |
670 |
38 |
28 |
99 |
68 |
11 |
7 |
129 |
108 |
|
Humanities |
1 044 |
619 |
903 |
505 |
6 |
1 |
40 |
35 |
14 |
6 |
81 |
72 |
|
Artistic field |
12 |
6 |
12 |
6 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
4.2. PERSONS IN FULL-TIME
AND PART-TIME EMPLOYMENT ENGAGED IN R&D EXPRESSED IN FULL-TIME EQUIVALENT
(FTE),
BY SECTORS, FIELDS OF SCIENCE AND SEX, 2008
Full time equivalent (FTE)
|
|
Total |
Researchers |
Research |
Technicians |
Managers |
Other supporting |
||||||
|
|
All |
Women |
All |
Women |
All |
Women |
All |
Women |
All |
Women |
All |
Women |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sectors − total |
9 917,8 |
5 063,5 |
6 300,4 |
3 086,2 |
1 266,4 |
534,8 |
1 158,4 |
649,1 |
239,9 |
101,8 |
952,7 |
691,6 |
|
Life sciences |
1 805,3 |
926,3 |
1 165,6 |
588,8 |
198,2 |
96,9 |
183,2 |
80,2 |
22,6 |
13,0 |
235,7 |
147,4 |
|
Engineering |
2 929,4 |
967,4 |
1 663,3 |
511,7 |
637,5 |
163,7 |
332,5 |
121,6 |
99,6 |
24,8 |
196,5 |
145,6 |
|
Biomedicine and health |
1 934,5 |
1 231,5 |
1 352,9 |
797,6 |
64,6 |
48,2 |
327,5 |
233,9 |
56,0 |
37,0 |
133,5 |
114,8 |
|
Biotechnical sciences |
1 075,7 |
609,9 |
563,2 |
285,0 |
138,8 |
90,7 |
145,0 |
91,3 |
38,4 |
19,6 |
190,3 |
123,3 |
|
Social sciences |
1 260,8 |
764,4 |
826,4 |
467,6 |
171,3 |
103,7 |
140,2 |
99,0 |
16,2 |
5,1 |
106,7 |
89,0 |
|
Humanities |
870,9 |
538,6 |
701,8 |
419,1 |
50,0 |
29,6 |
30,0 |
23,1 |
7,1 |
2,3 |
82,0 |
64,5 |
|
Artistic field |
6,2 |
3,4 |
6,2 |
3,4 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Interdisciplinary
field of |
35,0 |
22,0 |
21,0 |
13,0 |
6,0 |
2,0 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
8,0 |
7,0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Business sector |
2 534,9 |
1 197,3 |
1 078,7 |
502,2 |
630,7 |
230,0 |
520,8 |
284,4 |
167,1 |
73,8 |
137,6 |
106,9 |
|
Life sciences |
161,3 |
118,1 |
94,9 |
66,9 |
15,0 |
12,0 |
24,2 |
19,0 |
16,2 |
11,2 |
11,0 |
9,0 |
|
Engineering |
1 446,9 |
445,6 |
632,8 |
183,2 |
455,2 |
115,7 |
228,3 |
96,4 |
81,8 |
21,1 |
48,8 |
29,2 |
|
Biomedicine and health |
550,4 |
390,7 |
257,0 |
193,0 |
17,5 |
15,0 |
194,2 |
119,2 |
40,2 |
25,0 |
41,5 |
38,5 |
|
Biotechnical sciences |
295,0 |
202,4 |
88,8 |
57,1 |
81,6 |
58,0 |
67,6 |
46,7 |
28,9 |
16,5 |
28,1 |
24,1 |
|
Social sciences |
81,3 |
40,5 |
5,2 |
2,0 |
61,4 |
29,3 |
6,5 |
3,1 |
- |
- |
8,2 |
6,1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Government sector |
3 134,2 |
1 710,9 |
1 769,4 |
948,3 |
476,9 |
241,6 |
353,5 |
188,1 |
57,8 |
20,0 |
476,6 |
312,9 |
|
Life sciences |
1 202,3 |
598,6 |
699,9 |
360,8 |
169,5 |
77,0 |
133,0 |
48,0 |
6,4 |
1,8 |
193,5 |
111,0 |
|
Engineering |
220,8 |
80,8 |
54,0 |
15,0 |
82,8 |
23,8 |
26,0 |
7,0 |
16,0 |
3,0 |
42,0 |
32,0 |
|
Biomedicine and health |
423,6 |
254,5 |
310,2 |
169,7 |
41,9 |
29,7 |
43,0 |
31,0 |
11,8 |
8,5 |
16,7 |
15,6 |
|
Biotechnical sciences |
301,1 |
145,2 |
113,3 |
47,3 |
34,0 |
14,0 |
55,0 |
34,0 |
7,5 |
2,3 |
91,3 |
47,6 |
|
Social sciences |
488,2 |
312,7 |
222,2 |
122,9 |
100,0 |
68,3 |
78,5 |
55,5 |
14,5 |
4,0 |
73,0 |
62,0 |
|
Humanities |
463,2 |
297,1 |
348,8 |
219,6 |
42,7 |
26,8 |
18,0 |
12,6 |
1,6 |
0,4 |
52,1 |
37,7 |
|
Interdisciplinary
field of |
35,0 |
22,0 |
21,0 |
13,0 |
6,0 |
2,0 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
8,0 |
7,0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-profit sector |
14,2 |
5,5 |
6,7 |
2,0 |
5,5 |
2,5 |
- |
- |
1,0 |
- |
1,0 |
1,0 |
|
Humanities |
14,2 |
5,5 |
6,7 |
2,0 |
5,5 |
2,5 |
- |
- |
1,0 |
- |
1,0 |
1,0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Higher education |
4 234,5 |
2 149,8 |
3 445,6 |
1 633,7 |
153,3 |
60,7 |
284,1 |
176,6 |
14,0 |
8,0 |
337,5 |
270,8 |
|
Life sciences |
441,7 |
209,6 |
370,8 |
161,1 |
13,7 |
7,9 |
26,0 |
13,2 |
- |
- |
31,2 |
27,4 |
|
Engineering |
1 261,7 |
441,0 |
976,5 |
313,5 |
99,5 |
24,2 |
78,2 |
18,2 |
1,8 |
0,7 |
105,7 |
84,4 |
|
Biomedicine and health |
960,5 |
586,3 |
785,7 |
434,9 |
5,2 |
3,5 |
90,3 |
83,7 |
4,0 |
3,5 |
75,3 |
60,7 |
|
Biotechnical sciences |
479,6 |
262,3 |
361,1 |
180,6 |
23,2 |
18,7 |
22,4 |
10,6 |
2,0 |
0,8 |
70,9 |
51,6 |
|
Social sciences |
691,3 |
411,2 |
599,0 |
342,7 |
9,9 |
6,1 |
55,2 |
40,4 |
1,7 |
1,1 |
25,5 |
20,9 |
|
Humanities |
393,5 |
236,0 |
346,3 |
197,5 |
1,8 |
0,3 |
12,0 |
10,5 |
4,5 |
1,9 |
28,9 |
25,8 |
|
Artistic field |
6,2 |
3,4 |
6,2 |
3,4 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
5.1. RESEARCHERS IN FULL-TIME AND PART-TIME EMPLOYMENT, BY ACADEMIC DEGREE/TITLE, SECTORS, FIELDS OF SCIENCE AND SEX, 2008
Headcount
|
|
Researchers in full-time and part-time employment |
|||||||||
|
|
Total |
Doctors of science |
Masters of science |
Specialists |
University degree |
|||||
|
|
All |
Women |
All |
Women |
All |
Women |
All |
Women |
All |
Women |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sectors − total |
10 767 |
4 952 |
5 723 |
2 385 |
1 551 |
745 |
240 |
120 |
3 253 |
1 702 |
|
Life sciences |
1 428 |
698 |
896 |
385 |
116 |
68 |
1 |
- |
415 |
245 |
|
Engineering |
2 869 |
859 |
1 194 |
317 |
476 |
161 |
68 |
23 |
1 131 |
358 |
|
Biomedicine and health |
2 757 |
1 424 |
1 567 |
697 |
439 |
234 |
110 |
56 |
641 |
437 |
|
Biotechnical sciences |
897 |
426 |
481 |
189 |
96 |
49 |
3 |
1 |
317 |
187 |
|
Social sciences |
1 516 |
796 |
770 |
358 |
256 |
143 |
33 |
24 |
457 |
271 |
|
Humanities |
1 267 |
730 |
796 |
431 |
162 |
85 |
25 |
16 |
284 |
198 |
|
Artistic field |
12 |
6 |
5 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
- |
- |
5 |
4 |
|
Interdisciplinary
field of |
21 |
13 |
14 |
7 |
4 |
4 |
- |
- |
3 |
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Business sector |
1 250 |
548 |
135 |
61 |
238 |
85 |
26 |
4 |
851 |
398 |
|
Life sciences |
97 |
69 |
35 |
22 |
13 |
11 |
- |
- |
49 |
36 |
|
Engineering |
792 |
222 |
57 |
15 |
175 |
44 |
21 |
2 |
539 |
161 |
|
Biomedicine and health |
257 |
193 |
31 |
22 |
31 |
23 |
- |
- |
195 |
148 |
|
Biotechnical sciences |
97 |
62 |
12 |
2 |
14 |
6 |
3 |
1 |
68 |
53 |
|
Social sciences |
7 |
2 |
- |
- |
5 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
- |
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Government sector |
2 465 |
1 258 |
1 487 |
711 |
415 |
219 |
137 |
73 |
426 |
255 |
|
Life sciences |
703 |
362 |
492 |
231 |
48 |
28 |
- |
- |
163 |
103 |
|
Engineering |
54 |
15 |
11 |
3 |
17 |
4 |
- |
- |
26 |
8 |
|
Biomedicine and health |
989 |
473 |
554 |
243 |
236 |
119 |
110 |
56 |
89 |
55 |
|
Biotechnical sciences |
114 |
48 |
63 |
21 |
23 |
13 |
- |
- |
28 |
14 |
|
Social sciences |
229 |
124 |
124 |
64 |
39 |
21 |
3 |
1 |
63 |
38 |
|
Humanities |
355 |
223 |
229 |
142 |
48 |
30 |
24 |
16 |
54 |
35 |
|
Interdisciplinary
field of |
21 |
13 |
14 |
7 |
4 |
4 |
- |
- |
3 |
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-profit sector |
9 |
2 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
9 |
2 |
|
Humanities |
9 |
2 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
9 |
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Higher education |
7 043 |
3 144 |
4 101 |
1 613 |
898 |
441 |
77 |
43 |
1 967 |
1 047 |
|
Life sciences |
628 |
267 |
369 |
132 |
55 |
29 |
1 |
- |
203 |
106 |
|
Engineering |
2 023 |
622 |
1 126 |
299 |
284 |
113 |
47 |
21 |
566 |
189 |
|
Biomedicine and health |
1 511 |
758 |
982 |
432 |
172 |
92 |
- |
- |
357 |
234 |
|
Biotechnical sciences |
686 |
316 |
406 |
166 |
59 |
30 |
- |
- |
221 |
120 |
|
Social sciences |
1 280 |
670 |
646 |
294 |
212 |
121 |
28 |
22 |
394 |
233 |
|
Humanities |
903 |
505 |
567 |
289 |
114 |
55 |
1 |
- |
221 |
161 |
|
Artistic field |
12 |
6 |
5 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
- |
- |
5 |
4 |
5.2. RESEARCHERS IN FULL-TIME AND PART-TIME EMPLOYMENT EXPRESSED IN FULL TIME EQUIVALENT (FTE), BY ACADEMIC DEGREE/TITLE, SECTORS, FIELDS OF SCIENCE AND SEX, 2008
Full time equivalent (FTE)
|
|
Researchers in full-time and part-time employment |
|||||||||
|
|
Total |
Doctors of science |
Masters of science |
Specialists |
University degree |
|||||
|
|
All |
Women |
All |
Women |
All |
Women |
All |
Women |
All |
Women |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sectors − total |
6 300,4 |
3 086,2 |
3 019,1 |
1 351,9 |
877,3 |
436,7 |
123,1 |
60,2 |
2 280,9 |
1 237,4 |
|
Life sciences |
1 165,6 |
588,8 |
720,6 |
321,8 |
95,1 |
57,1 |
0,5 |
- |
349,4 |
209,9 |
|
Engineering |
1 663,3 |
511,7 |
548,9 |
151,8 |
290,9 |
94,5 |
49,6 |
15,8 |
773,9 |
249,6 |
|
Biomedicine and health |
1 352,9 |
797,6 |
666,8 |
337,0 |
183,8 |
104,2 |
21,1 |
10,8 |
481,2 |
345,6 |
|
Biotechnical sciences |
563,2 |
285,0 |
262,8 |
103,8 |
70,9 |
37,9 |
3,0 |
1,0 |
226,5 |
142,3 |
|
Social sciences |
826,4 |
467,6 |
375,4 |
191,5 |
141,8 |
84,1 |
24,4 |
16,6 |
284,8 |
175,4 |
|
Humanities |
701,8 |
419,1 |
428,2 |
238,6 |
90,2 |
54,7 |
24,5 |
16,0 |
158,9 |
109,8 |
|
Artistic field |
6,2 |
3,4 |
2,4 |
0,4 |
0,6 |
0,2 |
- |
- |
3,2 |
2,8 |
|
Interdisciplinary
field of |
21,0 |
13,0 |
14,0 |
7,0 |
4,0 |
4,0 |
- |
- |
3,0 |
2,0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Business sector |
1 078,7 |
502,2 |
118,8 |
55,8 |
193,6 |
73,6 |
25,1 |
4,0 |
741,2 |
368,8 |
|
Life sciences |
94,9 |
66,9 |
35,0 |
22,0 |
12,5 |
10,5 |
- |
- |
47,4 |
34,4 |
|
Engineering |
632,8 |
183,2 |
41,2 |
9,8 |
133,9 |
33,1 |
20,1 |
2,0 |
437,6 |
138,3 |
|
Biomedicine and health |
257,0 |
193,0 |
31,0 |
22,0 |
31,0 |
23,0 |
- |
- |
195,0 |
148,0 |
|
Biotechnical sciences |
88,8 |
57,1 |
11,6 |
2,0 |
13,0 |
6,0 |
3,0 |
1,0 |
61,2 |
48,1 |
|
Social sciences |
5,2 |
2,0 |
- |
- |
3,2 |
1,0 |
2,0 |
1,0 |
- |
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Government sector |
1 769,4 |
948,3 |
1 102,9 |
556,7 |
226,5 |
126,4 |
48,1 |
27,8 |
391,9 |
237,4 |
|
Life sciences |
699,9 |
360,8 |
489,3 |
230,2 |
48,0 |
28,0 |
- |
- |
162,6 |
102,6 |
|
Engineering |
54,0 |
15,0 |
11,0 |
3,0 |
17,0 |
4,0 |
- |
- |
26,0 |
8,0 |
|
Biomedicine and health |
310,2 |
169,7 |
182,2 |
93,9 |
51,0 |
26,4 |
21,1 |
10,8 |
55,9 |
38,6 |
|
Biotechnical sciences |
113,3 |
47,3 |
62,3 |
20,3 |
23,0 |
13,0 |
- |
- |
28,0 |
14,0 |
|
Social sciences |
222,2 |
122,9 |
117,5 |
63,2 |
39,0 |
21,0 |
3,0 |
1,0 |
62,7 |
37,7 |
|
Humanities |
348,8 |
219,6 |
226,6 |
139,1 |
44,5 |
30,0 |
24,0 |
16,0 |
53,7 |
34,5 |
|
Interdisciplinary field
of |
21,0 |
13,0 |
14,0 |
7,0 |
4,0 |
4,0 |
- |
- |
3,0 |
2,0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-profit sector |
6,7 |
2,0 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
6,7 |
2,0 |
|
Humanities |
6,7 |
2,0 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
6,7 |
2,0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Higher education |
3 445,6 |
1 633,7 |
1 797,4 |
739,4 |
457,2 |
236,7 |
49,9 |
28,4 |
1 141,1 |
629,2 |
|
Life sciences |
370,8 |
161,1 |
196,3 |
69,6 |
34,6 |
18,6 |
0,5 |
- |
139,4 |
72,9 |
|
Engineering |
976,5 |
313,5 |
496,7 |
139,0 |
140,0 |
57,4 |
29,5 |
13,8 |
310,3 |
103,3 |
|
Biomedicine and health |
785,7 |
434,9 |
453,6 |
221,1 |
101,8 |
54,8 |
- |
- |
230,3 |
159,0 |
|
Biotechnical sciences |
361,1 |
180,6 |
188,9 |
81,5 |
34,9 |
18,9 |
- |
- |
137,3 |
80,2 |
|
Social sciences |
599,0 |
342,7 |
257,9 |
128,3 |
99,6 |
62,1 |
19,4 |
14,6 |
222,1 |
137,7 |
|
Humanities |
346,3 |
197,5 |
201,6 |
99,5 |
45,7 |
24,7 |
0,5 |
- |
98,5 |
73,3 |
|
Artistic field |
6,2 |
3,4 |
2,4 |
0,4 |
0,6 |
0,2 |
- |
- |
3,2 |
2,8 |
6.1. PERSONS HIRED UNDER CONTRACTUAL
AGREEMENT OR AUTHOR'S CONTRACT, BY SECTORS, FIELDS OF SCIENCE
AND SEX, 2008
Headcount
|
|
Persons hired under contractual agreement or author's contract |
|||||||
|
|
Total |
Researchers |
Research associates |
Other |
||||
|
|
All |
Women |
All |
Women |
All |
Women |
All |
Women |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sectors − total |
1 773 |
831 |
1 148 |
472 |
306 |
113 |
319 |
246 |
|
Life sciences |
353 |
125 |
236 |
74 |
73 |
24 |
44 |
27 |
|
Engineering |
281 |
65 |
115 |
22 |
135 |
38 |
31 |
5 |
|
Biomedicine and health |
542 |
392 |
301 |
182 |
15 |
10 |
226 |
200 |
|
Biotechnical sciences |
10 |
- |
5 |
- |
5 |
- |
- |
- |
|
Social sciences |
283 |
147 |
247 |
122 |
25 |
16 |
11 |
9 |
|
Humanities |
300 |
100 |
244 |
72 |
49 |
23 |
7 |
5 |
|
Artistic field |
4 |
2 |
- |
- |
4 |
2 |
- |
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Business sector |
85 |
27 |
49 |
13 |
18 |
4 |
18 |
10 |
|
Life sciences |
28 |
15 |
14 |
4 |
3 |
3 |
11 |
8 |
|
Engineering |
48 |
9 |
31 |
7 |
11 |
1 |
6 |
1 |
|
Biomedicine and health |
4 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
- |
- |
1 |
1 |
|
Biotechnical sciences |
5 |
- |
1 |
- |
4 |
- |
- |
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Government sector |
622 |
266 |
386 |
169 |
178 |
76 |
58 |
21 |
|
Life sciences |
96 |
20 |
48 |
8 |
42 |
11 |
6 |
1 |
|
Engineering |
111 |
39 |
8 |
3 |
78 |
32 |
25 |
4 |
|
Biomedicine and health |
71 |
48 |
46 |
35 |
11 |
7 |
14 |
6 |
|
Biotechnical sciences |
4 |
- |
4 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Social sciences |
242 |
126 |
214 |
107 |
22 |
14 |
6 |
5 |
|
Humanities |
98 |
33 |
66 |
16 |
25 |
12 |
7 |
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Higher education |
1 066 |
538 |
713 |
290 |
110 |
33 |
243 |
215 |
|
Life sciences |
229 |
90 |
174 |
62 |
28 |
10 |
27 |
18 |
|
Engineering |
122 |
17 |
76 |
12 |
46 |
5 |
- |
- |
|
Biomedicine and health |
467 |
341 |
252 |
145 |
4 |
3 |
211 |
193 |
|
Biotechnical sciences |
1 |
- |
- |
- |
1 |
- |
- |
- |
|
Social sciences |
41 |
21 |
33 |
15 |
3 |
2 |
5 |
4 |
|
Humanities |
202 |
67 |
178 |
56 |
24 |
11 |
- |
- |
|
Artistic field |
4 |
2 |
- |
- |
4 |
2 |
- |
- |
6.2. PERSONS HIRED UNDER CONTRACTUAL AGREEMENT
OR AUTHOR'S CONTRACT EXPRESSED IN FULL TIME EQUIVALENT
(FTE), BY SECTORS, FIELDS OF SCIENCE AND SEX, 2008
Full time equivalent (FTE)
|
|
Persons hired under contractual agreement or author's contract |
|||||||
|
|
Total |
Researchers |
Research associates |
Other |
||||
|
|
All |
Women |
All |
Women |
All |
Women |
All |
Women |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sectors − total |
665,4 |
337,2 |
396,1 |
176,1 |
116,9 |
47,0 |
152,4 |
114,1 |
|
Life sciences |
143,2 |
56,2 |
91,8 |
29,3 |
25,6 |
10,4 |
25,8 |
16,5 |
|
Engineering |
118,6 |
30,0 |
44,1 |
8,9 |
60,3 |
18,9 |
14,2 |
2,2 |
|
Biomedicine and health |
281,1 |
200,8 |
162,7 |
102,4 |
13,0 |
8,5 |
105,4 |
89,9 |
|
Biotechnical sciences |
7,2 |
- |
4,2 |
- |
3,0 |
- |
- |
- |
|
Social sciences |
53,3 |
28,7 |
41,9 |
19,4 |
5,8 |
4,8 |
5,6 |
4,5 |
|
Humanities |
61,6 |
21,3 |
51,4 |
16,1 |
8,8 |
4,2 |
1,4 |
1,0 |
|
Artistic field |
0,4 |
0,2 |
- |
- |
0,4 |
0,2 |
- |
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Business sector |
40,2 |
18,1 |
19,1 |
6,9 |
8,1 |
2,7 |
13,0 |
8,5 |
|
Life sciences |
22,2 |
13,0 |
9,7 |
3,5 |
2,2 |
2,2 |
10,3 |
7,3 |
|
Engineering |
11,3 |
2,1 |
6,2 |
1,4 |
3,4 |
0,5 |
1,7 |
0,2 |
|
Biomedicine and health |
4,0 |
3,0 |
3,0 |
2,0 |
- |
- |
1,0 |
1,0 |
|
Biotechnical sciences |
2,7 |
- |
0,2 |
- |
2,5 |
- |
- |
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Government sector |
219,3 |
100,3 |
118,9 |
58,1 |
69,9 |
32,5 |
30,5 |
9,7 |
|
Life sciences |
24,0 |
4,8 |
12,0 |
1,6 |
10,0 |
3,0 |
2,0 |
0,2 |
|
Engineering |
59,5 |
21,0 |
8,0 |
3,0 |
39,0 |
16,0 |
12,5 |
2,0 |
|
Biomedicine and health |
71,0 |
48,0 |
46,0 |
35,0 |
11,0 |
7,0 |
14,0 |
6,0 |
|
Biotechnical sciences |
4,0 |
- |
4,0 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Social sciences |
32,3 |
17,1 |
26,8 |
12,5 |
4,9 |
4,1 |
0,6 |
0,5 |
|
Humanities |
28,5 |
9,4 |
22,1 |
6,0 |
5,0 |
2,4 |
1,4 |
1,0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Higher education |
405,9 |
218,8 |
258,1 |
111,1 |
38,9 |
11,8 |
108,9 |
95,9 |
|
Life sciences |
97,0 |
38,4 |
70,1 |
24,2 |
13,4 |
5,2 |
13,5 |
9,0 |
|
Engineering |
47,8 |
6,9 |
29,9 |
4,5 |
17,9 |
2,4 |
- |
- |
|
Biomedicine and health |
206,1 |
149,8 |
113,7 |
65,4 |
2,0 |
1,5 |
90,4 |
82,9 |
|
Biotechnical sciences |
0,5 |
- |
- |
- |
0,5 |
- |
- |
- |
|
Social sciences |
21,0 |
11,6 |
15,1 |
6,9 |
0,9 |
0,7 |
5,0 |
4,0 |
|
Humanities |
33,1 |
11,9 |
29,3 |
10,1 |
3,8 |
1,8 |
- |
- |
|
Artistic field |
0,4 |
0,2 |
- |
- |
0,4 |
0,2 |
- |
- |
7.1. RESEARCHERS HIRED UNDER CONTRACTUAL AGREEMENT OR AUTHOR'S CONTRACT, BY ACADEMIC DEGREE/TITLE,
SECTORS, FIELDS OF SCIENCE AND SEX, 2008
Headcount
|
|
Researchers hired under contractual agreement or author's contract |
|||||||||
|
|
Total |
Doctors of science |
Masters of science |
Specialists |
University degree |
|||||
|
|
All |
Women |
All |
Women |
All |
Women |
All |
Women |
All |
Women |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sectors − total |
1 148 |
472 |
720 |
254 |
179 |
96 |
64 |
31 |
185 |
91 |
|
Life sciences |
236 |
74 |
158 |
41 |
26 |
11 |
47 |
21 |
5 |
1 |
|
Engineering |
115 |
22 |
48 |
7 |
25 |
7 |
2 |
- |
40 |
8 |
|
Biomedicine and health |
301 |
182 |
136 |
79 |
54 |
35 |
14 |
10 |
97 |
58 |
|
Biotechnical sciences |
5 |
- |
5 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Social sciences |
247 |
122 |
190 |
90 |
42 |
25 |
- |
- |
15 |
7 |
|
Humanities |
244 |
72 |
183 |
37 |
32 |
18 |
1 |
- |
28 |
17 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Business sector |
49 |
13 |
27 |
4 |
4 |
1 |
- |
- |
18 |
8 |
|
Life sciences |
14 |
4 |
12 |
3 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
2 |
1 |
|
Engineering |
31 |
7 |
14 |
1 |
4 |
1 |
- |
- |
13 |
5 |
|
Biomedicine and health |
3 |
2 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
3 |
2 |
|
Biotechnical sciences |
1 |
- |
1 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Government sector |
386 |
169 |
295 |
121 |
65 |
35 |
- |
- |
26 |
13 |
|
Life sciences |
48 |
8 |
38 |
5 |
7 |
3 |
- |
- |
3 |
- |
|
Engineering |
8 |
3 |
1 |
- |
7 |
3 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Biomedicine and health |
46 |
35 |
36 |
27 |
1 |
1 |
- |
- |
9 |
7 |
|
Biotechnical sciences |
4 |
- |
4 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Social sciences |
214 |
107 |
169 |
84 |
34 |
19 |
- |
- |
11 |
4 |
|
Humanities |
66 |
16 |
47 |
5 |
16 |
9 |
- |
- |
3 |
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Higher education |
713 |
290 |
398 |
129 |
110 |
60 |
64 |
31 |
141 |
70 |
|
Life sciences |
174 |
62 |
108 |
33 |
19 |
8 |
47 |
21 |
- |
- |
|
Engineering |
76 |
12 |
33 |
6 |
14 |
3 |
2 |
- |
27 |
3 |
|
Biomedicine and health |
252 |
145 |
100 |
52 |
53 |
34 |
14 |
10 |
85 |
49 |
|
Social sciences |
33 |
15 |
21 |
6 |
8 |
6 |
- |
- |
4 |
3 |
|
Humanities |
178 |
56 |
136 |
32 |
16 |
9 |
1 |
- |
25 |
15 |
7.2. RESEARCHERS HIRED UNDER CONTRACTUAL AGREEMENT OR AUTHOR'S CONTRACT EXPRESSED IN FULL TIME
EQUIVALENT (FTE), BY ACADEMIC DEGREE/TITLE, SECTORS, FIELDS OF SCIENCE AND SEX, 2008
Full time equivalent (FTE)
|
|
Researchers hired under contractual agreement or author's contract |
|||||||||
|
|
Total |
Doctors of science |
Masters of science |
Specialists |
University degree |
|||||
|
|
All |
Women |
All |
Women |
All |
Women |
All |
Women |
All |
Women |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sectors − total |
396,1 |
176,1 |
224,6 |
84,6 |
64,6 |
35,9 |
28,9 |
15,2 |
78,0 |
40,4 |
|
Life sciences |
91,8 |
29,3 |
60,7 |
14,8 |
7,0 |
3,3 |
21,5 |
10,2 |
2,6 |
1,0 |
|
Engineering |
44,1 |
8,9 |
16,2 |
2,1 |
13,6 |
4,3 |
0,2 |
- |
14,1 |
2,5 |
|
Biomedicine and health |
162,7 |
102,4 |
78,2 |
47,9 |
25,5 |
17,2 |
7,0 |
5,0 |
52,0 |
32,3 |
|
Biotechnical sciences |
4,2 |
- |
4,2 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Social sciences |
41,9 |
19,4 |
29,6 |
12,3 |
9,2 |
5,8 |
- |
- |
3,1 |
1,3 |
|
Humanities |
51,4 |
16,1 |
35,7 |
7,5 |
9,3 |
5,3 |
0,2 |
- |
6,2 |
3,3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Business sector |
19,1 |
6,9 |
10,7 |
2,7 |
0,8 |
0,2 |
- |
- |
7,6 |
4,0 |
|
Life sciences |
9,7 |
3,5 |
7,7 |
2,5 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
2,0 |
1,0 |
|
Engineering |
6,2 |
1,4 |
2,8 |
0,2 |
0,8 |
0,2 |
- |
- |
2,6 |
1,0 |
|
Biomedicine and health |
3,0 |
2,0 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
3,0 |
2,0 |
|
Biotechnical sciences |
0,2 |
- |
0,2 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Government sector |
118,9 |
58,1 |
85,2 |
39,1 |
21,0 |
11,1 |
- |
- |
12,7 |
7,9 |
|
Life sciences |
12,0 |
1,6 |
10,0 |
1,0 |
1,4 |
0,6 |
- |
- |
0,6 |
- |
|
Engineering |
8,0 |
3,0 |
1,0 |
- |
7,0 |
3,0 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Biomedicine and health |
46,0 |
35,0 |
36,0 |
27,0 |
1,0 |
1,0 |
- |
- |
9,0 |
7,0 |
|
Biotechnical sciences |
4,0 |
- |
4,0 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Social sciences |
26,8 |
12,5 |
19,9 |
9,3 |
5,2 |
2,8 |
- |
- |
1,7 |
0,4 |
|
Humanities |
22,1 |
6,0 |
14,3 |
1,8 |
6,4 |
3,7 |
- |
- |
1,4 |
0,5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Higher education |
258,1 |
111,1 |
128,7 |
42,8 |
42,8 |
24,6 |
28,9 |
15,2 |
57,7 |
28,5 |
|
Life sciences |
70,1 |
24,2 |
43,0 |
11,3 |
5,6 |
2,7 |
21,5 |
10,2 |
- |
- |
|
Engineering |
29,9 |
4,5 |
12,4 |
1,9 |
5,8 |
1,1 |
0,2 |
- |
11,5 |
1,5 |
|
Biomedicine and health |
113,7 |
65,4 |
42,2 |
20,9 |
24,5 |
16,2 |
7,0 |
5,0 |
40,0 |
23,3 |
|
Social sciences |
15,1 |
6,9 |
9,7 |
3,0 |
4,0 |
3,0 |
- |
- |
1,4 |
0,9 |
|
Humanities |
29,3 |
10,1 |
21,4 |
5,7 |
2,9 |
1,6 |
0,2 |
- |
4,8 |
2,8 |
8. PUBLISHED RESEARCH WORKS, BY SECTORS AND FIELDS OF SCIENCE, 2008
|
|
Published research works |
Published in publications |
|||||
|
Total |
Basic |
Applied |
Experimental development |
Own |
Other domestic publications |
Foreign |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sectors − total |
10 567 |
4 956 |
4 080 |
1 531 |
2 796 |
4 059 |
3 994 |
|
Life sciences |
1 669 |
1 248 |
382 |
39 |
235 |
308 |
1 186 |
|
Engineering |
2 021 |
426 |
1 056 |
539 |
315 |
797 |
986 |
|
Biomedicine and health |
1 672 |
644 |
814 |
214 |
258 |
624 |
818 |
|
Biotechnical sciences |
1 679 |
693 |
564 |
422 |
365 |
971 |
359 |
|
Social sciences |
1 931 |
767 |
909 |
255 |
820 |
706 |
459 |
|
Humanities |
1 491 |
1 104 |
326 |
61 |
768 |
587 |
179 |
|
Artistic field |
53 |
44 |
9 |
- |
19 |
31 |
3 |
|
Interdisciplinary field of science |
51 |
30 |
20 |
1 |
16 |
35 |
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Business sector |
471 |
88 |
276 |
107 |
65 |
208 |
210 |
|
Life sciences |
78 |
30 |
41 |
7 |
6 |
27 |
49 |
|
Engineering |
292 |
29 |
175 |
88 |
44 |
142 |
114 |
|
Biomedicine and health |
57 |
27 |
30 |
- |
11 |
16 |
30 |
|
Biotechnical sciences |
43 |
2 |
29 |
12 |
4 |
22 |
17 |
|
Social sciences |
1 |
- |
1 |
- |
- |
1 |
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Government sector |
3 123 |
1 592 |
1 230 |
301 |
1 011 |
974 |
1 219 |
|
Life sciences |
910 |
647 |
243 |
20 |
165 |
121 |
628 |
|
Engineering |
51 |
13 |
25 |
13 |
17 |
24 |
12 |
|
Biomedicine and health |
787 |
246 |
341 |
200 |
115 |
289 |
391 |
|
Biotechnical sciences |
101 |
14 |
73 |
14 |
39 |
50 |
28 |
|
Social sciences |
498 |
76 |
370 |
52 |
237 |
206 |
69 |
|
Humanities |
742 |
582 |
159 |
1 |
424 |
261 |
90 |
|
Interdisciplinary field of science |
34 |
14 |
19 |
1 |
14 |
23 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Higher education |
6 973 |
3 276 |
2 574 |
1 123 |
1 720 |
2 877 |
2 565 |
|
Life sciences |
681 |
571 |
98 |
12 |
64 |
160 |
509 |
|
Engineering |
1 678 |
384 |
856 |
438 |
254 |
631 |
860 |
|
Biomedicine and health |
828 |
371 |
443 |
14 |
132 |
319 |
397 |
|
Biotechnical sciences |
1 535 |
677 |
462 |
396 |
322 |
899 |
314 |
|
Social sciences |
1 432 |
691 |
538 |
203 |
583 |
499 |
390 |
|
Humanities |
749 |
522 |
167 |
60 |
344 |
326 |
89 |
|
Artistic field |
53 |
44 |
9 |
- |
19 |
31 |
3 |
|
Interdisciplinary field of science |
17 |
16 |
1 |
- |
2 |
12 |
3 |
9. R&D UNITS, BY SECTORS AND FIELDS OF SCIENCE, 2008
|
|
Total |
Business |
Government |
Non-profit |
Higher |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
205 |
68 |
62 |
1 |
74 |
|
Life sciences |
20 |
5 |
8 |
- |
7 |
|
Engineering |
67 |
39 |
4 |
- |
24 |
|
Biomedicine and health |
36 |
5 |
24 |
- |
7 |
|
Biotechnical sciences |
28 |
17 |
4 |
- |
7 |
|
Social sciences |
32 |
2 |
10 |
- |
20 |
|
Humanities |
19 |
- |
11 |
1 |
7 |
|
Artistic field |
2 |
- |
- |
- |
2 |
|
Interdisciplinary field of science |
1 |
- |
1 |
- |
- |
Data source
Data issued here are the result of statistical processing of annual reports collected from business entities engaged in the research and development activity in the Republic of Croatia during the 2008 calendar year, as follows: business enterprise sector through the Annual Report on Research and Development for Enterprises/Trade Companies (IR-1 form), government and non-profit sector through the Annual Report on Research and Development for Government and PNP Sector (IR-2 form) and higher education sector through the Annual Report on Research and Development for Higher Education (IR-3 form).
Coverage and comparability
The statistical survey entitled Research and Development in 2008 covers business entities on the territory of the Republic of Croatia engaged in the research and development activity. Whether their records are kept in the Register of the Ministry of Science, Education and Sport or not, both categories were engaged in R&D. There were 205 business entities active in the research and development during 2008 that responded positively.
The coverage is one of the basic problems of this type of survey, both in the country and abroad, especially in regard to observation and presentation of R&D activities in enterprises/trade companies, that is, in the business enterprise sector.
Since 1997 the sector approach has been introduced, based on the international methodology – The Frascati Manual – and aimed at the expansion of the business enterprise sector as the principal domain of research & development in the world. Data for the period from 1997 to 2003 were collected from business enterprises/trade companies employing more than 100 persons, the data for 2004 were collected from business enterprises / trade companies employing more than 10 persons, and since 2005 all enterprises/trade companies as well as non-profit sector have been covered.
Until 1996, the statistics on scientific research was compiled by means of the Annual Report for Legal Entities Engaged in Science and Research and Legal Entities Engaged in Research and Development (NIRO form), which covered all legal entities engaged in science and research as well as research units within enterprises and institutions, and all institutions of higher education that were recorded with the Register of the Ministry of Science and Technology of the Republic of Croatia in the referent year.
Data for the year 2008 are comparable with data for previous years starting from 1997 when the survey was adjusted to international standards. Since 2004 the coverage in the business sector has been expanded in relation to previous years and it should be taken into account regarding comparability.
Definitions and explanations
Definitions covering R&D area are based on the international methodology − the Frascati Manual 2002 (The Measurement of Scientific and Technological Activities – Proposed Standard Practice for Surveys of Research and Experimental Development – Frascati Manual, 2002; published by OECD, Paris, 2002).
Research and development (R&D) comprise systematic creative work aimed at increasing knowledge about nature, man, culture and society and its application in practice. It is divided into three activities: basic research, applied research and experimental development.
Basic research is a theoretical or experimental work, which mainly aims at attaining to new knowledge about basics of phenomena and facts with no practical application.
Applied research is a theoretical or experimental work, which mainly aims at attaining to new knowledge and which is primarily focused on achieving practical objectives.
Experimental development is a systematic work based on the results of scientific research and practical experience, aimed at creating new materials, products and systems as well as at introducing new or improving existing processes.
Business sector comprises enterprises/trade companies and organisations the main activity of which is production of goods and services intended for market at commercial price.
Government sector comprises institutions and other bodies offering gratis common services to the community (except higher education) that, respecting market conditions, cannot otherwise be secured and that administer the economic and social policy of a community. Public enterprises are included in the business sector.
Non-profit sector comprises non-market, non-profit institutions serving households (that is, the general public), except those mainly controlled and financed by government, their main characteristic being that they should not be the source of revenue or profit to the institutions controlling them.
Higher education includes institutions of higher education, irrespective of their source of financing or legal status.
Activity groups − for reasons of international comparison in business sector there are 60 specially made activity groups according to the new version of international methodology (The Frascati Manual 2002). These groups are in line with the NKD 2007., that is harmonised with NACE and ISIC classifications.
Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD) is the total intramural expenditure on R&D performed on the national territory during the reporting calendar year, and consists of gross current and investment expenditures.
Researchers are persons with postgraduate degree (doctors and masters of science) or, exceptionally, persons with university degree only who are actively engaged in the research and development.
Technicians and equivalent staff are persons who directly co-operate with researchers and are actively engaged in scientific and technical work directly associated with research and development.
Other supporting staff is engaged in organisational, juridical, administrative, financial or auxiliary work directly associated with research and development.
Published research works are those published during the reporting year.
Full-time equivalent (FTE) is expressed in person-years and presents time as a share of full working time in which persons in employment are engaged in the work related to research and development (for example, if a person was engaged in works related to research and development for six months in full working time, it is expressed as 0.5 full-time equivalent – 0.5 FTE).
Abbreviations
exc. except
FTE full-time equivalent
ISIC International
Standard Industrial Classification of all
Economic Activities
mln milion
NACE Classification of Economic Activities in the European
Community
NKD 2007. National Classification of Activities, 2007 version
OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and
Development
PNP Private non-profit sector
Symbols
- no occurrence
0.0 value not zero but less than 0.05 of the unit of measure used