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GODINA/ YEAR: LIV. ZAGREB,
15. PROSINCA 2017./ 15 DECEMBER, 2017 BROJ/
NUMBER: 8.2.3.
CODEN
POPCEA ISSN 1330-0350
LJUDSKI POTENCIJALI U
ZNANOSTI I TEHNOLOGIJI U 2016.
HUMAN RESOURCES IN
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 2016
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Ovo Priopćenje
prikazuje podatke koji se temelje na podacima Ankete o radnoj snazi (ARS),
koji pokazuju postojeće i potencijalne udjele ljudskih potencijala u
znanosti i tehnologiji. Podaci su sastavljeni u skladu s preporukama
OECD-ova priručnika Canberra1), koji ljudske potencijale s
visokorazvijenim vještinama opisuje kao nužne za razvoj i prijenos znanja
te kao glavnu vezu između tehnološkog napretka i ekonomskog rasta i
društvenog razvoja. Cilj je istražiti temeljna obilježja osoba, odnosno
dijela radne snage s najrazvijenijim vještinama i najvećim potencijalom
pridonijeti društvu temeljenu na znanju.
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This
First Release presents the results based on the Labour Force Survey data
(LFS), which show current and potential stocks of human resources in
science and technology. Data are compiled in line with the recommendations
of the OECD Canberra Manual1), which describes highly skilled
human resources as essential for the development and transfer of knowledge
and as a crucial link between technological advancement, economic growth and
social development. The aim is to explore basic characteristics of the part
of the labour force with highly developed skills and the largest potential
to contribute to the knowledge-based society.
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Ekonomsko
okruženje koje se brzo mijenja te sve veći naglasak na ekonomiji temeljenoj
na znanju dovelo je do povećanja međunarodnog interesa za mjerenje
odgovarajućih vještina i njihove uloge. Podaci o ljudskim potencijalima
mogu poboljšati naše razumijevanje ponude i potražnje na tržištu rada za
osobama u području znanosti i tehnologije.
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A
rapidly-changing economic environment and a growing emphasis on the
knowledge-based economy have led to a mounting international interest in
the role and measurement of relevant skills. Data on human resources in
science and technology (HRST) can improve our understanding of both the
demand for, and supply of, science and technology personnel on the labour
market.
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Prema Priručniku
Canberra, ljudski potencijali u znanosti i tehnologiji (HRST) definiraju se
kao osobe koje ispunjavaju barem jedan od sljedećih kriterija:
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The
Canberra Manual defines human resources in science and technology as
persons fulfilling at least one of the following two conditions:
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prema obrazovanju
(HRSTE) – osobe koje imaju uspješno završeno tercijarno obrazovanje
(ISCED 5, 6, 7 ili 8)
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human
resources by education (HRSTE): persons who have successfully
completed a university-level education (ISCED 5, 6, 7 or 8)
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prema zanimanju
(HRSTO) – osobe koje su zaposlene u zanimanjima znanosti i
tehnologije kao znanstvenici, inženjeri i stručnjaci, tehničari i stručni
suradnici i direktori.
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human
resources by occupation (HRSTO): persons who are employed in science
and technology occupations as professionals, technicians and associate
professionals and managers.
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Skupina koja
ispunjava oba navedena kriterija naziva se jezgra HRST-a (HRST
''core'', HRSTC).
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The
group that fulfils both criteria is called HRST core (HRSTC).
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Prema rezultatima
Ankete o radnoj snazi, u Hrvatskoj je u 2016. bilo više od 702 tisuće
visokostručnih osoba – ljudskih potencijala u znanosti i tehnologiji (HRST)
u dobi od 25 do 64 godine. Njih 524 tisuće smatra se ljudskim potencijalima
u znanosti i tehnologiji prema obrazovanju (HRSTE), a 542 tisuće prema
zanimanju (HRSTO). Ljudskih potencijala u znanosti i tehnologiji koji
zadovoljavaju oba kriterija (HRSTC) bilo je
364 tisuće.
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According
to the results of the Labour Force Survey, there were more than 702
thousand persons considered highly qualified – human resources in science
and technology (HRST) aged 25 to 64 in Croatia in 2016. There were 524
thousand persons who have successfully completed a university-level
education (HRSTE) and 542 thousand persons who are employed in science and
technology occupations as professionals, technicians and associate
professionals and managers (HRSTO). There were 364 thousand persons in the
group that fulfils both criteria (HRSTC).
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Udio ljudskih
potencijala u znanosti i tehnologiji (HRST) u dobi od 25 do 64 godine u
aktivnom stanovništvu iste dobne skupine jest 43,1%, dok je udio populacije
HRSTC 22,3%.
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The
share of human resources in science and technology (HRST) aged 25 to 64 in
the active population of the same age group was 43.1%, while the share of
the HRSTC was 22.3%
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1) Mjerenje
ljudskih potencijala u znanosti i tehnologiji – priručnik Canberra – peti je
u obitelji priručnika Frascati o mjerenju znanstvenih i tehnoloških
aktivnosti.
1) Human
Resources in Science and Technology – the Canberra Manual – is the fifth
manual in the Frascati family on the measurement of scientific and
technological activities.
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Analiza populacije
ljudskih potencijala u znanosti i tehnologiji prema obrazovanju (HRSTE)
prema dobnim skupinama pokazuje da su najzastupljenije osobe s više od 45
godina, njih ukupno 37,3%, dok je 33,7% udio osoba u dobnoj skupini od 25
do 34 godine. Najmanje je osoba u dobnoj skupini od 35 do 44 godine, 28,9%.
Udio žena u populaciji HRSTE jest 56%. U dobnoj skupini od 25 do 34 godine
čak je 61,6% žena, dok je udio muškaraca i žena u dobnoj skupini od 45 do
64 godine gotovo izjednačen, muškaraca je 48,7% u odnosu na 51,3% žena. U
svim dobnim skupinama najviše je osoba s postignutim obrazovanjem na razini
ISCED-a 7 (66,7% osoba u dobi od 35 do 44 godine i 65,2% osoba u dobi od 25
do 34 godine ima postignutu tu razinu obrazovanja). Najviše je doktora
znanosti, njih 5%, u dobnoj skupini od 35 do 44 godine.
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The analysis of the population of human resources in
science and technology by education (HRSTE) by age groups shows that
persons aged 45 and over were the most prevalent, accounting for 37.3% of
the total number, while the share of the persons in the 25 – 34 age group
was 33.7%. The smallest share was calculated for the 35 – 44 age group,
28.9%. The share of women in the HRSTE population was 56%. In the 25 – 34
age group, there were 61.6% women, while the share of men and women in the
45 – 64 age group was almost the same, 48.7% for men and 51.3% for women.
In all age groups, persons with educational attainment equal to ISCED level
7 had the highest share (66.7% of people in the 35 – 44 age group and 65.2%
of people in the 25 – 34 age group). The most people that have earned the
academic title of Doctor of Science (5%) were in the 35 – 44 age group.
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U populaciji HRSTE 82,1% osoba je zaposleno, 6,6%
nezaposleno, a 11,3% osoba neaktivno. Udio zaposlenih žena u populaciji
HRSTE jest 55,4%. Većinu čine osobe koje su zaposlene na puno radno
vrijeme, 96%, dok je 4% osoba zaposleno na manje od punoga radnog vremena.
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Within the HRSTE population, 82.1% of persons were
employed, 6.6% unemployed and 11.3% inactive. The share of employed women
in the HRSTE population was 55.4%. Most persons (96%) were employed
full-time in science and technology activities, while 4% of them were
employed part-time.
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Ljudski potencijali u znanosti i tehnologiji prema
zanimanju (HRSTO) skupina je ljudi koja aktivno sudjeluje u znanosti,
tehnološkom razvoju i inovacijama. Iz ovog je grafikona vidljivo da u svim
zanimanjima HRSTO-a prevladavaju osobe u dobnoj skupini od 45 do 64 godine,
a najmanje zaposlenih ima u dobnoj skupini od 25 do 34 godine. Najmlađa
promatrana dobna skupina od 25 do 34 godine najviše je zastupljena u
kategoriji zanimanja Znanstvenici, inženjeri i stručnjaci, s 30,7%. Ako se
promatra distribucija populacije HRSTO prema zanimanjima, vidljivo je da je
gotovo polovica osoba (47,9%) zaposlena u kategoriji zanimanja
Znanstvenici, inženjeri i stručnjaci, za razliku od 69,3% osoba zaposlenih
u tom zanimanju u populaciji HRSTC.
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Human resources in science and technology by
occupation (HRSTO) is a group of people that actively participate in
science, technological development and innovation. This graph shows that
persons in the 45 – 64 age group prevailed in all HRSTO occupations, while
the smallest number of persons was recorded in the 25 – 34 age group. The
youngest age group, 25 – 34, is the most prevalent in the Professionals
category, with 30.7%. The distribution of the HRSTO population by
occupation shows that nearly half of persons (47.9%) are employed as
Professionals, as opposed to 69.3% of persons employed as Professionals in
the HRSTC population.
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Ljudski potencijali u znanosti i tehnologiji prema
obrazovanju i zanimanju (HRSTC) skupina je ljudi koji imaju tercijarno
obrazovanje te rade u zanimanjima znanosti i tehnologije. Ta skupina veoma
je važna za razvoj znanja i inovacija. Udio žena u populaciji HRSTC jest
56,2%. Većinu zaposlenih u aktivnostima znanosti i tehnologije čine
znanstvenici, inženjeri i stručnjaci, sa 69,3%, zatim slijede tehničari i
stručni suradnici, s 21,0%, dok administrativni i komercijalni direktori,
direktori proizvodnje i specijaliziranih usluga te direktori u turizmu,
ugostiteljstvu, trgovini na malo i drugim uslužnim djelatnostima čine 9,7%.
Čak 68,6% osoba u populaciji HRSTC ima postignuto obrazovanje na razini
ISCED-a 7.
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Human resources in science and technology by
education and occupation (HRSTC) is the group of persons that have
successfully completed a university-level education and are employed in
science and technology occupations. This group is crucial for the
development of knowledge and innovation. The share of women in the HRSTC
population is 56.2%. The majority of persons employed in science and
technology area were professionals (69.3%), followed by technicians and
associate professionals (21.0%), while administrative and commercial
managers, production and specialised services managers and hospitality,
retail and other services managers accounted for 9.7%. As much as 68.6% of
persons in the HRSTC population have successfully completed education at
the ISCED level 7.
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METODOLOŠKA OBJAŠNJENJA
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NOTES ON METHODOLOGY
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Izvor podataka
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Data
sources
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Podaci prikazani u
ovom Priopćenju dio su rezultata Ankete o radnoj snazi1). Metodologija
Ankete o radnoj snazi potpuno je usklađena s onom koju propisuje
Statistički ured Europske unije (Eurostat) te omogućuje usporedbu sa svim
zemljama članicama Europske unije.
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Data in
this First Release are a part of Labour Force Survey results1).
The methodology for the Survey is fully harmonised with the one prescribed
by the Statistical Office of the European Communities (Eurostat) and,
therefore, enables the comparison of the Republic of Croatia with all EU
Member States.
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Obuhvat i
usporedivost
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Coverage
and comparability
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Od početka 2014.
koristi se okvir za uzorak koji se temelji na podacima iz Popisa
stanovništva, kućanstava i stanova 2011. godine.
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Since
the beginning of 2014, a sample frame based on the data from the Census of
Population, Households and Dwellings in 2011 has been in use.
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Prema metodologiji
Ankete ne obuhvaća se institucionalno stanovništvo (domovi, samostani,
bolnice za trajni smještaj osoba i slično).
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According
to the methodology of the Survey, the population residing in institutions
(such as homes, convents, hospitals for long-term treatments, etc.) is not
included in the sample frame.
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Stopa neodgovora
za 2016. iznosila je 38,6%, a stopa odbijanja 23,0%.
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The
overall non-response rate for 2016 was 38.6% and the refusal rate was
23.0%.
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Za potrebe analize
podataka o ljudskim potencijalima u znanosti i tehnologiji u ovom
Priopćenju u obuhvat su uključene osobe u dobi od 25 do 64 godine.
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For the
purposes of analysing data on human resources in science and technology in
this First Release, coverage includes persons aged 25 – 64.
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Definicije i objašnjenja
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Definitions
and explanations
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Za analizu i
prikazivanje podataka o ljudskim potencijalima u znanosti i tehnologiji
koriste se harmonizirani koncepti, metode i definicije koje proizlaze iz
Priručnika o mjerenju ljudskih potencijala u znanosti i tehnologiji,
Priručnika Canberra (OECD, UNESCO, Međunarodna organizacija rada, Glavna
uprava Europske komisije za istraživanje i inovacije te Eurostat).
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The
harmonised concepts, methods and definitions used to analyse and report
data on human resources in science and technology originate from the Manual
on the Measurement of Human Resources devoted to Science and Technology,
the Canberra Manual (OECD, UNESCO, International Labour Organisation, the
European Commission Directorate-General for Research and Innovation and the
Eurostat).
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Radi dobivanja
potpune slike ponude i potražnje za HRST-om, definicija se temelji na
dvjema dimenzijama, kvalifikaciji i zanimanju. Kvalifikacijska os odnosi se
na ponudu HRST-a, tj. na broj ljudi koji su trenutačno ili potencijalno
raspoloživi za rad na određenoj razini. Potražnja za HRST-om, tj. brojem
ljudi koji su zapravo bili potrebni u aktivnostima znanosti i tehnologije,
na određenoj razini u vezi je s dimenzijom zanimanja. S obzirom na to da
potražnja nije uvijek u skladu s ponudom i da se vještine mogu naći izvan
formalnog sustava obrazovanja, predlaže se sljedeća kombinirana definicija.
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In
order to obtain the full picture of demand for and supply of human
resources in science and technology, the definition is based on two
aspects, qualification and occupation. The qualification aspect presents
the supply of human resources in science and technology, that is, the number
of persons currently or potentially available for work at a particular
level. The demand for human resources in science and technology, that is,
the number of persons actually needed in science and technology activities
at a particular level, is connected with the occupation aspect. Because
demand does not always match supply and because skills can be obtained
outside the formal education system, the following combined definition is
proposed.
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Priručnik Canberra
definira ljudske potencijale u znanosti i tehnologiji kao osobe koje
ispunjavaju barem jedan od sljedeća dva kriterija:
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The
Canberra Manual defines human resources in science and technology as
persons fulfilling at least one of the following two conditions:
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ljudski
potencijali prema obrazovanju: osobe s uspješno završenim tercijarnim
obrazovanjem (HRSTE)
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human
resources by education: persons who have successfully completed a
university-level education (HRSTE)
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ljudski
potencijali prema zanimanju: osobe koje su zaposlene u zanimanjima znanosti
i tehnologije kao znanstvenici, inženjeri i stručnjaci, tehničari i stručni
suradnici i direktori (HRSTO).
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human
resources by occupation: persons who are employed in science and technology
occupations as professionals, technicians and associate professionals and
managers (HRSTO).
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Skupina koja
zadovoljava oba navedena kriterija naziva se jezgra HRST-a (HRST ''core'',
HRSTC).
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The
group that fulfils both criteria is called HRST core (HRSTC).
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U
obrazovnom sustavu Republike Hrvatske razine obrazovanja koje su uključene
u analizu podataka o ljudskim potencijalima u znanosti i tehnologiji prema
obrazovanju (HRSTE) jesu:
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In the
education system of the Republic of Croatia, the levels of education that
we need for the analysis of data on human resources in science and
technology by education (HRSTE) are as follows:
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-
prema predbolonjskom programu
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according to the pre-Bologna programme
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stručni
dodiplomski studij (ISCED – 5. razina)
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Undergraduate
professional study (ISCED level 5)
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sveučilišni
dodiplomski studij (ISCED – 7. razina)
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Undergraduate
university study (ISCED level 7)
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- prema bolonjskom
programu
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- according to the
Bologna programme
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kratki stručni studij (ISCED – 5. razina)
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Professional
short-term study (ISCED level 5)
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prediplomski stručni studij (ISCED – 6.
razina)
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Undergraduate
professional study (ISCED level 6)
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specijalistički diplomski stručni studij
(ISCED – 7. razina)
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Specialist
professional graduate study (ISCED level 7)
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preddiplomski sveučilišni studij (ISCED –
6. razina)
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Undergraduate
university study (ISCED level 6)
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diplomski sveučilišni studij (ISCED – 7.
razina)
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Graduate
university study (ISCED level 7)
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integrirani preddiplomski i diplomski
studij (ISCED – 7. razina)
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Integrated
undergraduate and graduate study (ISCED level 7)
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- doktorat
znanosti (ISCED – 8. razina)
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Doctorate of science (ISCED level 8)
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Skupine
zanimanja koje su prema Priručniku Canberra uvrštene u HRSTO
jesu:
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The
Canberra Manual recommends the identification of certain occupation groups
as those included in the HRSTO, as follows:
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NKZ
10. rod 2: (znanstvenici, inženjeri i stručnjaci) – zanimanja koja
povećavaju opseg postojećih znanja, primjenjuju znanstvene ili umjetničke
spoznaje i teorije, na sustavan način prenose navedena znanja ili
kombiniraju navedene djelatnosti
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NKZ 10, major
group 2: (professionals) – occupations that increase the existing stock of
knowledge, apply scientific or artistic concepts and theories and systematically
transfer the mentioned knowledge or combine the mentioned activities.
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NKZ
10. rod 3: (tehničari i stručni suradnici) – zanimanja koja obuhvaćaju
tehničke i srodne poslove u istraživanju i primjeni znanstvenih ili
umjetničkih spoznaja i operativnih metoda te poslove u državnoj upravi
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NKZ 10, major
group 3: (technicians and associate professionals) – occupations that cover
mostly technical and related tasks connected with research and the
application of scientific or artistic concepts and operational methods as
well as state administration tasks.
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NKZ
10. vrste 12, 13 i 14: (administrativni i komercijalni direktori, direktori
proizvodnje i specijaliziranih usluga, direktori u turizmu, ugostiteljstvu,
trgovini na malo i drugim uslužnim djelatnostima).
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NKZ 10,
groups 12, 13 and 14: (administrative and commercial managers, production
and specialised services managers, hospitality, retail and other services
managers).
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Upotrijebljene
klasifikacije:
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Classifications
used:
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a)
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Međunarodna
standardna klasifikacija obrazovanja ISCED 2011, upotrijebljena je pri
šifriranju obilježja postignutog obrazovanja.
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a)
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The
International Standard Classification of Education ISCED 2011 was used in
coding the education variable.
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b)
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Nacionalna
klasifikacija zanimanja 2010. (NKZ 10.), usporediva s međunarodnom
klasifikacijom zanimanja ISCO-08, upotrijebljena je pri šifriranju
obilježja zanimanja.
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b)
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The
National Classification of Occupations, NKZ-10, comparable to the
International Standard Classification of Occupations ISCO-08, was used in
coding the occupations.
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1)
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Za
detaljnija metodološka objašnjenja Ankete o radnoj snazi, molimo,
pogledajte Priopćenje - Aktivno stanovništvo u Republici Hrvatskoj u 2016.
godini, brojeve 9.2.7/1., 9.2.7/2., 9.2.7/3., 9.2.7/4. i 9.2.7. na
internetskim stranicama Državnog zavoda za statistiku www.dzs.hr.
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1)
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For
more detailed methodological explanations of the Labour Force Survey,
please see the First Release - Labour force in the Republic of Croatia in 2016,
numbers 9.2.7/1, 9.2.7/2, 9.2.7/3, 9.2.7/4 and 9.2.7. on the web site of
the Croatian Bureau of Statistics, www.dzs.hr
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Kratice
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Abbreviations
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OECD
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Organizacija za
ekonomsku suradnju i razvoj
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EU
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European Union
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UNESCO
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Organizacija Ujedinjenih
naroda za obrazovanje, znanost i kulturu
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OECD
UNESCO
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Organisation for
Economic Cooperation and Development
United Nations
Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
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Objavljuje
i tiska Državni zavod za statistiku Republike Hrvatske, Zagreb, Ilica 3, p.
p. 80.
Published
and printed by the Croatian Bureau of Statistics, Zagreb, Ilica 3, P. O. B.
80
Telefon/ Phone:
+385 (0) 1 4806-111, telefaks/ Fax: +385 (0) 1 4817-666
Odgovara
ravnatelj Marko Krištof.
Person
responsible: Marko Krištof, Director General
Priredile:
Matija Škegro Vdović i Ivana Goda
Prepared
by: Matija Škegro Vdović and Ivana Goda
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MOLIMO KORISNIKE DA PRI KORIŠTENJU
PODATAKA NAVEDU IZVOR.
USERS
ARE KINDLY REQUESTED TO STATE THE SOURCE
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Naklada:
20 primjeraka
20 copies
printed
Podaci iz
ovog Priopćenja objavljuju se i na internetu.
First
Release data are also published on the Internet.
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