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GODINA/ YEAR: LV. ZAGREB,
5. PROSINCA 2018./ 5 DECEMBER, 2018 BROJ/
NUMBER: 2.3.2.
PRIMJENA INFORMACIJSKIH I
KOMUNIKACIJSKIH TEHNOLOGIJA (IKT) U
KUĆANSTVIMA I KOD POJEDINACA U 2018., PRVI REZULTATI
USAGE OF INFORMATION AND
COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES (ICT) IN
HOUSEHOLDS AND BY INDIVIDUALS, 2018, FIRST RESULTS
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Tendencije
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Tendencies
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Opremljenost
kućanstava IKT-om na prošlogodišnjoj je razini, dok je širokopojasni
pristup internetu u porastu (porast od 6% u odnosu na 2017.).
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The
share of households equipped with ICT is on the last year’s level, while
broadband internet access is rising (an
increase of 6% compared to 2017).
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Upotreba mobilnoga
širokopojasnog pristupa internetu u porastu je (porast od 9% u odnosu na
2017.).
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Usage
of mobile broadband internet access is rising (an increase of 9% compared to 2017).
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Upotreba računala
i interneta u porastu je u svim dobnim skupinama.
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Computer
and internet usage is increasing in all age groups.
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Upotreba mrežnih
(online) usluga e-uprave na prošlogodišnjoj je razini (48%).
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Usage
of online e-government services is on the last year’s level (48%).
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Trgovina putem
interneta u porastu je; 35% osoba u prethodnoj je godini kupovalo robu i
usluge putem interneta (porast od 6% u odnosu na 2017.).
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Commerce via the internet is increasing; 35% of
individuals purchased goods or services via the internet during the
previous year (an increase of 6% compared to 2017).
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Ekonomija
dijeljenja ‒ 16% internetskih korisnika služilo se
internetom kako bi ugovorili uslugu smještaja ili prijevoza kod fizičkih
osoba (npr. AirBnB,Homeaway, Uber, BlaBlaCar).
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Shared
economy – 16% of internet users used the internet to book accommodation or
transportation with natural persons (e.g. AirBnB, Homeaway, Uber,
BlaBlaCar).
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Rezultati
istraživanja pokazali su da je opremljenost kućanstava
IKT-om u Republici Hrvatskoj na prošlogodišnjoj razini, dok je udio
kućanstava sa širokopojasnim pristupom internetu porastao za 6% u odnosu na
2017. Porast je prouzročen povećanim mobilnim pristupom internetu, dok je
udio kućanstava s fiksnim pristupom internetu malo smanjen u odnosu na
prethodnu godinu.
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The
survey results showed that the share of households equipped with ICT in the
Republic of Croatia is at the last year’s level, while the share of
households with broadband internet access increased by 6% compared to 2017.
This increase is attributed to higher penetration of mobile internet
access, while the share of households with fixed internet access slightly
decreased compared to the previous year.
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Gotovo sva
kućanstva koriste se fiksnim širokopojasnim pristupom internetu, a broj
kućanstava koja pristupaju internetu putem širokopojasnih mobilnih mreža
porastao je s 57% na 66%, uglavnom zahvaljujući sve većoj dostupnosti
mobilnih uređaja poput tableta, mobilnih telefona i USB modema koji se
koriste 3G/4G tehnologijom.
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Almost
all households use broadband internet access, while the share of households
using mobile broadband internet access increased from 57% to 66%, mostly
due to the increased availability of mobile devices such as tablets, mobile
phones and USB modems using the 3G/4G technology.
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Od
ukupnog broja anketiranih kućanstava, 18% ih nema internetski priključak.
Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su da je najčešći razlog tomu nepostojanje
potrebe za upotrebom interneta te nedostatno znanje za njegovu upotrebu.
Znatan broj ispitanika istaknuo je da su previsoke cijene usluga i potrebne
opreme jedan od bitnijih razloga zbog kojih kućanstvo nema internetski
priključak.
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Out of the total number of surveyed households, 18%
did not have internet access. The survey results showed that the most
common reason was the lack of a need for it together with insufficient
knowledge to use the internet. A significant share of respondents
highlighted the cost of services and equipment being too high as an
important reason for not having internet access.
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Primijećen
je porast u svim dobnim skupinama korisnika računala u odnosu na prethodnu
godinu. Najveći porast zabilježen je u najstarijoj dobnoj skupini, tj. 8% u
odnosu na prethodnu godinu. Najmlađa populacija još uvijek prednjači u
upotrebi računala, a broj korisnika opada proporcionalno njihovoj dobi.
Sličan trend primijećen je i u strukturi prema radnom statusu u kojoj
učenici i studenti, kao najmlađa skupina, najčešće upotrebljavaju računala.
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An increase is noticed in all age groups of computer
users compared to the previous year. The largest increase was recorded in
the eldest age group, i.e. 8% compared to the previous year. The youngest
population still maintained the lead in computer usage and the number of
users was decreasing proportionally with age. A similar trend was noticed
in the employment status structure, where pupils and students, as the
youngest group, were the most frequent computer users.
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Primijećen
je porast u svim dobnim skupinama korisnika interneta u odnosu na prethodnu
godinu. Najveći porast zabilježen je u najstarijoj dobnoj skupini, tj. 12%
u odnosu na prethodnu godinu. Očekivano, najmlađa populacija prednjači u
upotrebi interneta, a broj korisnika opada proporcionalno njihovoj dobi.
Sličan trend primijećen je i u strukturi prema radnom statusu u kojoj
učenici i studenti, kao najmlađa skupina, najčešće upotrebljavaju internet.
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An increase is noticed in all age groups of internet
users compared to the previous year. The largest increase was recorded in
the eldest age group, i.e. 12% compared to the previous year. As expected,
the youngest population still maintained the lead in internet usage and the
number of users decreases proportionally with age. A similar trend was
noticed in the employment status structure, where pupils and students, as
the youngest group, were the most frequent internet users.
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Usporede li se
rezultati s podacima iz prethodne godine, može se uočiti da se navike nisu
bitnije promijenile. Pojedinci se najčešće koriste internetom za
prikupljanje informacija o proizvodima i uslugama (87%), prikupljanje
informacija o zdravlju (68%), upotrebu e-pošte (79%), gledanje
videosadržaja sa stranica za razmjenu poput Youtubea (82%) te sudjelovanje
na društvenim mrežama (72%).
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The comparison
of the results with data from the previous year showed that habits have not
changed much. Individuals mostly used the internet for obtaining
information on goods and services (87%), obtaining information on health
(68%), e-mail usage (79%), for watching video content from sharing websites
like Youtube (82%) and for participating in social networks (72%).
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Rezultati
istraživanja pokazuju da se trgovina putem interneta nije znatnije
promijenila. Robu i usluge kupovalo je putem interneta 35% pojedinaca, što
je porast od 6% u odnosu na prethodnu godinu. Navike kupaca vrlo su slične
onima od prethodne godine; i dalje prednjači kupnja kućnih potrepština,
odjeće i sportske opreme, ulaznica za priredbe, elektroničke opreme te
dijelova za računala.
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The survey results showed that commerce via the
internet has not significantly changed. There were 35% of individuals who purchased
goods and services via the internet, which was an increase of 6% compared
to the previous year. Buyers' habits were very similar to those recorded in
the previous year: household goods, clothes and sports equipment, tickets
for events, electronic equipment and computer parts were the most favoured
ones.
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Prateći
učestalost kupnje i iznos novca koji ispitanici potroše pri internetskoj
kupnji, možemo vidjeti da je 77% kupaca kupovalo 1 ‒ 5 puta, dok se
57% transakcija odnosi na iznose do 750 kuna.
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Measuring the frequency and value spent on internet
purchases, it can be seen that 77% of internet buyers had 1 – 5 purchases,
while 57% of purchases were valued at less than 750 kuna.
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Fenomen
dijeljene ekonomije, koja obuhvaća transakcije između fizičkih osoba bez
posrednika pratili smo prvi put u prethodnoj godini. Udio pojedinaca koji
su ugovorili uslugu smještaja ili prijevoza putem namjenskih platformi ili
putem ostalih internetskih izvora poput društvenih mreža porastao je u
odnosu na prethodnu godinu. Rezultati su pokazali da se 16% korisnika
interneta služilo navedenim internetskim izvorima kako bi rezervirali
smještaj ili prijevoz.
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The phenomenon of the sharing economy, which includes
transactions between natural persons without an intermediary, was measured
for the first time last year. A share of individuals who booked
accommodation and transport via dedicated platforms or via other internet
sources like social networks increased compared to the previous year. The
results show that 16% of internet users used the above-mentioned internet
sources to book accommodation or transportation.
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METODOLOŠKA OBJAŠNJENJA
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NOTES ON METHODOLOGY
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Svrha statističkog
istraživanja
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The
purpose of the statistical survey
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Podaci prikazani u
ovom Priopćenju jesu procjene dobivene iz istraživanja IKT-DOM. To je
godišnje istraživanje o primjeni informacijskih i komunikacijskih
tehnologija (IKT) u kućanstvima i kod pojedinaca. Pruža informacije o
računalnoj i informacijskoj pismenosti hrvatske populacije. Svrha ovog
istraživanja jest izmjeriti raširenost upotrebe računala i ostalih
informacijsko-komunikacijskih tehnologija, broj osoba u Republici Hrvatskoj
koji su korisnici interneta i za koje svrhe upotrebljavaju internet. Podaci
su važan izvor za provođenje politike u području informacijskog društva u
Republici Hrvatskoj i EU.
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Data
shown in this First Release are estimates obtained through the IKT-DOM
Survey. This is an annual survey on the usage of information and
communication technologies (ICT) in households and by individuals. It
provides information on computer and information literacy of the Croatian
population. This survey measures the usage of computers and other
information and communication technologies as well as the number of persons
in the Republic of Croatia who use the internet and for what purposes. The
data are an important source for conducting policies in the field of
information society in the Republic of Croatia as well as in the European
Union.
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Pravna osnova
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Legal framework
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Istraživanje IKT-DOM provedeno je u okviru smjernica Eurostata
tijekom 2018., a provodi se na temelju Zakona o službenoj statistici (NN,
br. 103/03., 75/09., 59/12. i 12/13. − pročišćeni tekst).
Istraživanja su provedena u svim državama EU-a. Dakle, podaci su
međunarodno usporedivi. Međunarodni podaci dostupni su na e-adresi
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The IKT-DOM Survey was conducted in 2018 according to
Eurostat guidelines and on the basis of the Official Statistics Act (NN,
Nos 103/03, 75/09, 59/12 and 12/13 – consolidated text).
The same surveys were conducted in all EU Member States and, therefore,
data are internationally comparable. The international
data are available on the following web site address:
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Digital economy
and society
http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Digital_economy_and_society.
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Digital
economy and society http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Digital_economy_and_society
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Koncepti i
definicije koji se primjenjuju u istraživanju usklađeni su s EU-ovom
Metodologijom za statistike o Informacijskom društvu, 2018., a posebno s
temeljnom Uredbom Europskog parlamenta i Vijeća (EZ) br. 808/2004 o
statistici Zajednice o informacijskom društvu.
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Concepts
and definitions used in the Survey are in line with the EU Methodology for
Statistics on the Information Society, 2018, especially with
Regulation (EC) No. 808/2004 of the European
Parliament and of the Council concerning Community statistics on the
information society.
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Promatrane jedinice
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Observation
units
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Promatrane
jedinice jesu osobe u dobi između 16 i 74 godine i njihova kućanstva.
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The
observation units are persons aged 16 to 74 and their households.
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Odabrane osobe
odgovaraju na pitanja iz upitnika, a u slučaju njihove odsutnosti na
pitanja može odgovarati i neki drugi član kućanstva uime odabrane osobe.
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Selected
persons answer the questionnaire. In case of their absence, another
household member can answer instead, but on behalf of the selected person.
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Veličina uzorka
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Sample
size
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Veličina uzorka
jest 5 498 osoba čija je dob u vrijeme prikupljanja podataka bila između 16
i 74 godine.
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The
sample size was 5 498 persons aged 16 to 74 at the time of data collection.
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Okvir uzorka
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Sampling
frame
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Osnova za okvir
uzorka jest Popis stanovništva, kućanstava i stanova 2011. godine i
telefonski imenici telefonskih operatera.
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The
basis for the sampling frame is the 2011 Census of Population, Households
and Dwellings of the Republic of Croatia and phone directories of phone
companies.
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Metoda prikupljanja
podataka
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Data
collection method
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Podaci su
prikupljeni telefonskim intervjuom koji je praćen putem računala (CATI),
osobnim dolaskom anketara u odabrana kućanstva (CAPI) te putem interneta
upotrebom mrežnog (online) upitnika (CAWI).
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The
data were collected by computer-assisted telephone interviewing (CATI), by
personal interviews for selected households (CAPI )and via the internet by
using the online questionnaire (CAWI).
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Stupanj neodaziva
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Non-response
rate
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Od ukupnog uzorka
(5 498 jedinica), 5 393 jedinice bile su prihvatljive, a u istraživanju je
sudjelovala 3 131 osoba. To znači da je stupanj odaziva bio 58,1%, a
stupanj prihvatljivosti 98,0%. Stupanj neodaziva bio je 41,9%, a stupanj
odbijanja 29,2%.
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Out of
the total sample size (5 498 units), 5 393 units were eligible and 3 131
persons took part in the survey. It means that the response rate was 58.1%
and the eligibility rate was 98.0%. The non-response rate was 41.9% and the
refusal rate was 29.2%.
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Ponderacija
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Weighting
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Ponderacijom se
računa nepristrana procjena i postiže reprezentativnost uzorka za ukupnu
populaciju. Podaci u istraživanju odnose se na pojedince i kućanstvo, stoga
se računaju dva pondera:
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Weighting
helps in the calculation of an unbiased estimate and in achieving
representativeness of the sample for the whole population. The survey data
refer to persons and households and therefore two weights were calculated:
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ponder za
pojedince
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The
weight for individuals and
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ponder za
kućanstvo.
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The
household weight.
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RIM weighting
metoda (iterative proportional fitting – IPF) primijenjena je
za projiciranje pojedinaca na ukupnu populaciju. Varijable primijenjene za
projiciranje jesu sljedeće: županija, veličina naselja, spol, dob i razina
obrazovanja.
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The RIM
weighting procedure (iterative proportional fitting – IPF) was used for
the grossing-up of individuals. Variables used for the grossing-up were the
following: county, settlement size, sex, age and educational attainment
level.
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RIM weighting
metoda
primijenjena je i za projiciranje kućanstava na ukupnu populaciju.
Ekstrapolacijski ponder izračunan je za svako kućanstvo koje je sudjelovalo
u istraživanju, a metoda izračuna obuhvatila je županiju, veličinu naselja
i stupanj urbanizacije.
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The Rim
weighting procedure was used for the grossing-up of households as well.
The extrapolation weight was calculated for each household that
participated in the survey and the calculation method included the county,
settlement size and the level of urbanization.
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Proširen je
izračunani ponder za pojedince na ukupnu populaciju osoba u dobi između 16
i 74 godine. U Republici Hrvatskoj 31. prosinca 2017. bilo je 3 103 511
osoba u dobi između 16 i 74 godine.
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The
calculated weight for individuals was extended to the whole population of
persons aged 16 to 74. On 31 December 2017, there were 3 103 511 people
aged 16 to 74 in the Republic of Croatia.
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Proširen je
izračunani ponder za kućanstva na ukupnu populaciju kućanstava, tj.
kućanstva s najmanje jednom osobom u dobi između 16 i 74 godine. U Republici
Hrvatskoj 31. prosinca 2017. bilo je 1 324 898 kućanstava s najmanje jednom
osobom u dobi između 16 i 74 godine.
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The
calculated household weight is extended to the whole population of
households, that is, to households with at least one person aged 16 to 74.
On 31 December 2017, there were 1 324 898 households with at least one
person aged 16 to 74.
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Definicije i
objašnjenja
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Definitions
and explanations
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Ekonomija
dijeljenja podrazumijeva
razmjenu usluga i proizvoda između fizičkih osoba bez posrednika.
Komunikacija između pružatelja usluge i kupca je neposredna, putem
interneta. Komunikacijske izvore možemo podijeliti na namjenske platforme
(npr. AirBnB, Homeway, Uber, BlaBlaCar) i na ostale internetske
stranice i aplikacije koje nemaju ulogu posrednika, uključujući društvene
mreže.
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Sharing
economy implies the exchange of goods and
services between natural persons without an intermediary. Communication
between the supplier and the consumer is direct via the internet.
Communication sources can be divided into dedicated platforms (e.g. AirBnB,
Homeway, Uber, BlaBlaCar, etc.) and other websites or apps which do not act
as an intermediary, including social networks.
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Broadband su širokopojasne
tehnologije ili veze koje omogućuju brz prijenos podataka, osobito filmova,
igara, videokonferencija putem internetske mreže (npr. ADSL, kabelska veza,
UMTS, optička veza, VDSL, unajmljeni vod).
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Broadband are
technologies or connections that enable rapid transmission of data,
especially films, games, video-conferences over an internet network (e.g.
ADSL, cable connection, UMTS, optical connection, VDSL, leased lines).
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E-trgovina označuje kupnju
ili naručivanje proizvoda i usluga putem interneta. Pisane elektroničke
poruke ne smatraju se e-trgovinom.
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E-commerce
means
buying or ordering goods and services over the internet. Typed e-mails are
not considered e-commerce.
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IKT (informacijske i
komunikacijske tehnologije) jesu softver i hardver upotrijebljen za
komuniciranje podacima (npr. računalo, telefaks, internet, fiksni mobilni
telefon).
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ICT
(Information and Communication Technology) are software and hardware used
for data communication (e.g. computer, fax, the internet, fixed mobile
phone).
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Internet je svjetska mreža
računala, komunicira na temelju standardnih internetskih protokola i
omogućuje korisnicima razmjenu tekstualnih i audiovizualnih informacija.
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Internet is a
worldwide network of computers, communicating on the basis of standard
internet protocols that enable users to exchange textual and audio-visual
information.
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UMTS (Universal
Mobile Telecommunications System) poznat je kao 3G
tehnologija dizajnirana kao nasljednik GSM-a. Omogućuje korisniku prijenos
slika i videozapisa, velike količine podataka bežičnim načinom te pristup
internetu.
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UMTS (Universal
Mobile Telecommunications System) is also known as 3G technology which
was designed as a successor to GSM. It enables users to transmit images,
video, high volume of data through a wireless connection and access the internet.
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Obrazovanje je podijeljeno
na:
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Education is
divided as follows:
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niže obrazovanje;
uključuje osobe bez školskog obrazovanja ili s nedovršenim osnovnim
obrazovanjem i pojedince sa završenom osnovnom školom
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Basic
education; includes persons without schooling or with incomplete primary
education and persons who have only finished primary school
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srednje
obrazovanje; uključuje osobe s višim tehničkim obrazovanjem i osobe s višim
srednjoškolskim općim obrazovanjem
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Secondary
education; includes persons with upper secondary general or vocational
education
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visoko
obrazovanje; uključuje osobe s visokim neakademskim obrazovanjem, osobe s
profesionalno orijentiranim visokim obrazovanjem, fakultetskim obrazovanjem
i osobe s poslijediplomskim obrazovanjem te magistarske i doktorske
studije.
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Tertiary
education; includes persons with higher non-academic education, persons
with professionally-oriented higher education, faculty education and
persons with post-graduate education.
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Kratice
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Abbreviations
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ADSL
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asimetrična
digitalna pretplatnička linija
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ADSL
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Asymmetric
Digital Subscriber Line
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EU
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Europska unija
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EC
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European
Community
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EZ
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Europska zajednica
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EU
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European
Union
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Eurostat
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Statistički ured
Europske unije
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Eurostat
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Statistical
Office of the European Communities
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GSM
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globalni sistem za
mobilnu komunikaciju
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NN
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Narodne
novine, official gazette of the Republic of Croatia
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NN
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Narodne novine
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GSM
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Global
System for Mobile Communications
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USB
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univerzalna
serijska sabirnica
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USB
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Universal
Serial Bus
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VDSL
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digitalna
pretplatnička linija vrlo velike brzine
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VDSL
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Very-High-Bit-Rate
Digital Subscriber Line
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U ovom Priopćenju
objavljuju se podaci istraživanja koje je provedeno uz financijsku pomoć
Europske unije. Za njegov sadržaj odgovoran je isključivo Državni zavod za
statistiku te ni u kojem slučaju ne izražava stav Europske unije.
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The survey whose
data are published in this First Release has been conducted with the
financial assistance of the European Union. The contents of this document
are the sole responsibility of the Croatian Bureau of Statistics and can
under no circumstances be regarded as reflecting the position of the
European Union.
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Objavljuje
i tiska Državni zavod za statistiku Republike Hrvatske, Zagreb, Ilica 3, p.
p. 80.
Published and printed by the Croatian
Bureau of Statistics, Zagreb, Ilica 3, P. O. B. 80
Telefon/ Phone:
+385 (0) 1 4806-111, telefaks/ Fax: +385 (0) 1 4817-666
Odgovara
ravnatelj Marko Krištof.
Person
responsible: Marko Krištof, Director General
Priredili:
Ivana Zoroja Milić i Hrvoje Markuš
Prepared
by: Ivana Zoroja Milić and Hrvoje Markuš
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MOLIMO KORISNIKE DA PRI
KORIŠTENJU PODATAKA NAVEDU IZVOR.
USERS
ARE KINDLY REQUESTED TO STATE THE SOURCE.
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Naklada:
20 primjeraka
20 copies
printed
Podaci iz
ovog Priopćenja objavljuju se i na internetu.
First
Release data are also published on the Internet.
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