|
GODINA/ YEAR: LVI. ZAGREB,
13. PROSINCA 2019./ 13 DECEMBER, 2019 BROJ/
NUMBER: 8.2.3.
CODEN
POPCEA ISSN 1330-0350
LJUDSKI POTENCIJALI U
ZNANOSTI I TEHNOLOGIJI U 2018.
HUMAN RESOURCES IN
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 2018
|
Ovo Priopćenje
prikazuje podatke koji se temelje na podacima Ankete o radnoj snazi (ARS),
koji pokazuju postojeće i potencijalne udjele ljudskih potencijala u
znanosti i tehnologiji.
|
|
This
First Release presents the results based on the Labour Force Survey data
(LFS), which show current and potential stocks of human resources in
science and technology.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ekonomsko
okruženje koje se brzo mijenja te sve veći naglasak na ekonomiji temeljenoj
na znanju dovelo je do povećanja međunarodnog interesa za mjerenje
odgovarajućih vještina i njihove uloge. Podaci o ljudskim potencijalima
mogu poboljšati naše razumijevanje ponude i potražnje na tržištu rada za
osobama u području znanosti i tehnologije.
|
|
A
rapidly-changing economic environment and a growing emphasis on the
knowledge-based economy have led to a mounting international interest in
the role and measurement of relevant skills. Data on human resources in
science and technology (HRST) can improve our understanding of both the
demand for, and supply of, science and technology personnel on the labour
market.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Prema rezultatima
Ankete o radnoj snazi, u Hrvatskoj je u 2018. bilo više od 748 tisuća
visokostručnih osoba – ljudskih potencijala u znanosti i tehnologiji (HRST)
u dobi od 25 do 64 godine. Njih 567 tisuća smatra se ljudskim potencijalima
u znanosti i tehnologiji prema obrazovanju (HRSTE), a 583 tisuće prema
zanimanju (HRSTO). Ljudskih potencijala u znanosti i tehnologiji koji
zadovoljavaju oba kriterija (HRSTC) bilo je
više od 401 tisuću.
|
|
According
to the results of the Labour Force Survey, there were more than 748
thousand persons considered highly qualified – human resources in science
and technology (HRST) aged 25 to 64 in Croatia in 2018. There were 567
thousand persons who have successfully completed a university-level
education (HRSTE) and 583 thousand persons who are employed in science and
technology occupations as professionals, technicians and associate
professionals and managers (HRSTO). There were more than 401 thousand
persons in the group that fulfils both criteria (HRSTC).
|
|
|
|
|
|
Udio ljudskih
potencijala u znanosti i tehnologiji (HRST) u dobi od 25 do 64 godine u
aktivnom stanovništvu iste dobne skupine jest 45,9%, dok je udio populacije
HRSTC 24,6%.
|
|
The
share of human resources in science and technology (HRST) aged 25 to 64 in
the active population of the same age group was 45.9%,
while the share of the HRSTC was 24.6%.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Analiza populacije
ljudskih potencijala u znanosti i tehnologiji (HRST) prema dobnim skupinama
i spolu pokazuje da je udio žena za 5 postotnih bodova veći u odnosu
na udio muškaraca. Najzastupljenija je dobna skupina 45 – 64 godine s
gotovo 300 tisuća ljudi. Zastupljenost žena najveća je u dobnoj skupini 25
– 34 godine (55,7%), dok je u dobnoj skupini 45 – 64 godine udio žena i
muškaraca jednak (50%).
|
|
The
analysis of the population of human resources in science and technology
(HRST) by age groups and by sex shows that the share of women was 5
percentage points higher than the share of men. The most represented age
group was 45 – 64
with almost 300 thousand people. The share of women
was the highest in the 25 – 34 age group
(55.7%), while in the 45 – 64 age group the
share of women and men was equal (50%).
|
|
Analiza populacije
ljudskih potencijala u znanosti i tehnologiji prema obrazovanju (HRSTE)
prema dobnim skupinama pokazuje da su najzastupljenije osobe s više od 45
godina, njih ukupno 37,8%, dok je 32,3% udio osoba u dobnoj skupini od 25
do 34 godine. Najmanje je osoba u dobnoj skupini od 35 do 44 godine, 29,9%.
Udio žena u populaciji HRSTE jest 56,4%. U dobnoj skupini od 25 do 34
godine čak je 59,6% žena, dok je udio muškaraca i žena u dobnoj skupini od
45 do 64 godine gotovo izjednačen, muškaraca je 47,3% u odnosu na 52,7%
žena. U svim dobnim skupinama najviše je osoba s postignutim obrazovanjem
na razini ISCED-a 7 (66,7% osoba u dobi od 35 do 44 godine i 64,1% osoba u
dobi od 25 do 34 godine ima postignutu tu razinu obrazovanja). Najviše je
doktora znanosti (ISCED 8), njih 4,3%, u dobnoj skupini od 35 do 44 godine.
|
|
The analysis of the population of human resources in
science and technology by education (HRSTE) by age groups shows that
persons aged 45 and over were the most prevalent, accounting for 37.8% of
the total number, while the share of persons in the 25 – 34 age group was
32.3%. The smallest share was calculated for the 35 – 44 age group, 29.9%.
The share of women in the HRSTE population was 56.4%. In the 25 – 34 age
group, there were 59.6% women, while the share of men and women in the 45 –
64 age group was almost the same, 47.3% for men and 52.7% for women. In all
age groups, persons with educational attainment equal to ISCED level 7 had
the highest share (66.7% of persons in the 35 – 44 age group and 64.1% of
persons in the 25 – 34 age group). The largest number of persons who have
earned the academic title of Doctor of Science (ISCED level 8), 4.3% of
them, were in the 35 – 44 age group.
|
|
U
populaciji HRSTE 83,8% osoba je zaposleno, 5,1% nezaposleno, a 11,1% osoba
neaktivno. Udio zaposlenih žena u populaciji HRSTE jest 56,4%. Većinu čine
osobe koje su zaposlene na puno radno vrijeme, 96,0%, dok je 4,0% osoba
zaposleno na manje od punoga radnog vremena.
|
|
Within the HRSTE population, 83.8% of persons were
employed, 5.1% unemployed and 11.1% inactive. The share of employed women
in the HRSTE population was 56.4%. Most persons (96.0%) were employed
full-time in science and technology activities, while 4.0% of them were
employed part-time.
|
|
Ljudski potencijali u znanosti i tehnologiji prema zanimanju
(HRSTO) skupina je ljudi koja aktivno sudjeluje u znanosti, tehnološkom
razvoju i inovacijama. Iz ovog je grafikona vidljivo da u svim zanimanjima
HRSTO-a prevladavaju osobe u dobnoj skupini od 45 do 64 godine, a najmanje
zaposlenih ima u dobnoj skupini od 25 do 34 godine. Najmlađa promatrana
dobna skupina od 25 do 34 godine najviše je zastupljena u kategoriji
zanimanja Znanstvenici, inženjeri i stručnjaci, s 29,4%. Ako se promatra
distribucija populacije HRSTO prema zanimanjima, vidljivo je da je gotovo
polovica osoba (49,1%) zaposlena u kategoriji zanimanja Znanstvenici,
inženjeri i stručnjaci, za razliku od 69,4% osoba zaposlenih u tom
zanimanju u populaciji HRSTC.
|
|
Human resources in science and technology by
occupation (HRSTO) is a group of people that actively participate in
science, technological development and innovation. This graph shows that
persons in the 45 – 64 age group prevailed in all HRSTO occupations, while
the smallest number of persons was recorded in the 25 – 34 age group. The youngest
age group, 25 – 34, was the most prevalent in the Professionals category,
with 29.4%. The distribution of the HRSTO population by occupation shows
that nearly half of persons (49.1%) were employed as Professionals, as
opposed to 69.4% of persons employed as Professionals in the HRSTC
population.
|
|
Ljudski
potencijali u znanosti i tehnologiji prema obrazovanju i zanimanju (HRSTC)
skupina je ljudi koji imaju tercijarno obrazovanje te rade u zanimanjima
znanosti i tehnologije. Ta skupina veoma je važna za razvoj znanja i
inovacija. Udio žena u populaciji HRSTC jest 55,5%. Većinu zaposlenih u
aktivnostima znanosti i tehnologije čine znanstvenici, inženjeri i
stručnjaci, sa 69,4%, zatim slijede tehničari i stručni suradnici, s 20,7%,
dok administrativni i komercijalni direktori, direktori proizvodnje i
specijaliziranih usluga te direktori u turizmu, ugostiteljstvu, trgovini na
malo i drugim uslužnim djelatnostima čine 9,9%. Čak 70,0% osoba u
populaciji HRSTC ima postignuto obrazovanje na razini ISCED-a 7.
|
|
Human resources in science and
technology by education and occupation (HRSTC) is a group of persons that
have successfully completed a university-level education and are employed
in science and technology occupations. This group is crucial for the development
of knowledge and innovation. The share of women in the HRSTC population was
55.5%. The majority of persons employed in science and technology area were
professionals (69.4%), followed by technicians and associate professionals
(20.7%), while administrative and commercial managers, production and
specialised services managers and hospitality, retail and other services
managers accounted for 9.9%. As much as 70.0% of persons in the HRSTC
population have successfully completed education at the ISCED level 7.
|
|
METODOLOŠKA OBJAŠNJENJA
|
|
NOTES ON METHODOLOGY
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Izvor podataka
|
|
Data
sources
|
|
|
|
|
|
Podaci prikazani u
ovom Priopćenju dio su rezultata Ankete o radnoj snazi1). Metodologija
Ankete o radnoj snazi potpuno je usklađena s onom koju propisuje
Statistički ured Europske unije (Eurostat) te omogućuje usporedbu sa svim
zemljama članicama Europske unije.
|
|
Data in
this First Release are a part of Labour Force Survey results1).
The methodology for the Survey is fully harmonised with the one prescribed
by the Statistical Office of the European Communities (Eurostat) and,
therefore, enables the comparison of the Republic of Croatia with all EU
Member States.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Obuhvat i
usporedivost
|
|
Coverage
and comparability
|
|
|
|
|
|
Od početka 2014.
koristi se okvir za uzorak koji se temelji na podacima iz Popisa
stanovništva, kućanstava i stanova 2011. godine.
|
|
Since
the beginning of 2014, a sample frame based on the data from the Census of
Population, Households and Dwellings in 2011 has been in use.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Prema metodologiji
Ankete ne obuhvaća se institucionalno stanovništvo (domovi, samostani,
bolnice za trajni smještaj osoba i slično).
|
|
According
to the methodology of the Survey, the population residing in institutions
(such as homes, convents, hospitals for long-term treatments, etc.) is not
included in the sample frame.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stopa neodgovora
za 2018. iznosila je 42,5%, a stopa odbijanja 21,7%.
|
|
The
overall non-response rate for 2018 was 42.5% and
the refusal rate was 21.7%.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Za potrebe analize
podataka o ljudskim potencijalima u znanosti i tehnologiji u ovom
Priopćenju u obuhvat su uključene osobe u dobi od 25 do 64 godine.
|
|
For the purposes of analysing data on human resources
in science and technology in this First Release, coverage includes persons
aged 25 – 64.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Definicije i objašnjenja
|
|
Definitions
and explanations
|
|
|
|
|
|
Za analizu i
prikazivanje podataka o ljudskim potencijalima u znanosti i tehnologiji
koriste se harmonizirani koncepti, metode i definicije koje proizlaze iz
Priručnika o mjerenju ljudskih potencijala u znanosti i tehnologiji,
Priručnika Canberra2) (OECD, UNESCO, Međunarodna organizacija
rada, Glavna uprava Europske komisije za istraživanje i inovacije te
Eurostat).
|
|
The
harmonised concepts, methods and definitions used to analyse and report
data on human resources in science and technology originate from the Manual
on the Measurement of Human Resources devoted to Science and Technology,
the Canberra Manual2) (OECD, UNESCO, International Labour
Organisation, the European Commission Directorate-General for Research and
Innovation and the Eurostat).
|
|
|
|
|
|
Priručnik Canberra
ljudske potencijale s visokorazvijenim vještinama opisuje kao nužne za
razvoj i prijenos znanja te kao glavnu vezu između tehnološkog napretka te
ekonomskog rasta i društvenog razvoja. Cilj je istražiti temeljna obilježja
osoba, odnosno dijela radne snage s najrazvijenijim vještinama i najvećim
potencijalom za doprinos društvu temeljenu na znanju.
|
|
The
Canberra Manual describes highly skilled human resources as essential for
the development and transfer of knowledge and as a crucial link between
technological advancement, economic growth and social development. The aim
is to explore basic characteristics of the part of the labour force with
highly developed skills and the largest potential to contribute to the
knowledge-based society.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Radi dobivanja
potpune slike ponude i potražnje za HRST-om, definicija se temelji na
dvjema dimenzijama, kvalifikaciji i zanimanju. Kvalifikacijska os odnosi se
na ponudu HRST-a, tj. na broj ljudi koji su trenutačno ili potencijalno
raspoloživi za rad na određenoj razini. Potražnja za HRST-om, tj. brojem
ljudi koji su zapravo bili potrebni u aktivnostima znanosti i tehnologije,
na određenoj razini u vezi je s dimenzijom zanimanja. S obzirom na to da
potražnja nije uvijek u skladu s ponudom i da se vještine mogu naći izvan
formalnog sustava obrazovanja, predlaže se sljedeća kombinirana definicija.
|
|
In
order to obtain the full picture of demand for and supply of human
resources in science and technology, the definition is based on two
aspects, qualification and occupation. The qualification aspect presents
the supply of human resources in science and technology, that is, the
number of persons currently or potentially available for work at a
particular level. The demand for human resources in science and technology,
that is, the number of persons actually needed in science and technology
activities at a particular level, is connected with the occupation aspect.
Because demand does not always match supply and because skills can be
obtained outside the formal education system, the following combined
definition is proposed.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Prema Priručniku
Canberra, ljudski potencijali u znanosti i tehnologiji (HRST) definiraju se
kao osobe koje ispunjavaju barem jedan od sljedećih kriterija:
|
|
The
Canberra Manual defines human resources in science and technology as
persons fulfilling at least one of the following two conditions:
|
|
|
|
|
|
-
|
prema obrazovanju
(HRSTE) – osobe koje imaju uspješno završeno tercijarno obrazovanje
(ISCED 5, 6, 7 ili 8)
|
|
-
|
human
resources by education (HRSTE): persons who have successfully
completed a university-level education (ISCED 5, 6, 7 or 8)
|
|
-
|
prema zanimanju
(HRSTO) – osobe koje su zaposlene u zanimanjima znanosti i
tehnologije kao znanstvenici, inženjeri i stručnjaci, tehničari i stručni
suradnici i direktori.
|
|
-
|
human
resources by occupation (HRSTO): persons who are employed in science
and technology occupations as professionals, technicians and associate
professionals and managers.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Skupina koja
zadovoljava oba navedena kriterija naziva se jezgra HRST-a (HRST
''core'', HRSTC).
|
|
The
group that fulfils both criteria is called HRST core (HRSTC).
|
|
|
|
|
|
U
obrazovnom sustavu Republike Hrvatske razine obrazovanja koje su uključene
u analizu podataka o ljudskim potencijalima u znanosti i tehnologiji prema
obrazovanju (HRSTE) jesu:
|
|
In the
education system of the Republic of Croatia, the levels of education that
we need for the analysis of data on human resources in science and
technology by education (HRSTE) are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
-
prema predbolonjskom programu
|
|
-
according to the pre-Bologna programme
|
|
-
|
stručni
dodiplomski studij (ISCED – 5. razina)
|
|
-
|
Undergraduate
professional study (ISCED level 5)
|
|
-
|
sveučilišni
dodiplomski studij (ISCED – 7. razina)
|
|
-
|
Undergraduate
university study (ISCED level 7)
|
|
|
|
|
|
- prema bolonjskom
programu
|
|
- according to the
Bologna programme
|
|
-
|
kratki stručni studij (ISCED – 5. razina)
|
|
-
|
Professional
short-term study (ISCED level 5)
|
|
-
|
prediplomski stručni studij (ISCED – 6.
razina)
|
|
-
|
Undergraduate
professional study (ISCED level 6)
|
|
-
|
specijalistički diplomski stručni studij
(ISCED – 7. razina)
|
|
-
|
Specialist
professional graduate study (ISCED level 7)
|
|
-
|
preddiplomski sveučilišni studij (ISCED –
6. razina)
|
|
-
|
Undergraduate
university study (ISCED level 6)
|
|
-
|
diplomski sveučilišni studij (ISCED – 7.
razina)
|
|
-
|
Graduate
university study (ISCED level 7)
|
|
-
|
integrirani preddiplomski i diplomski
studij (ISCED – 7. razina)
|
|
-
|
Integrated
undergraduate and graduate study (ISCED level 7)
|
|
|
|
|
|
- doktorat
znanosti (ISCED – 8. razina)
|
|
-
Doctorate of science (ISCED level 8)
|
|
|
|
|
Skupine
zanimanja koje su prema Priručniku Canberra uvrštene u HRSTO
jesu:
|
|
The
Canberra Manual recommends the identification of certain occupation groups
as those included in the HRSTO, as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
NKZ 10.
rod 2: (znanstvenici, inženjeri i stručnjaci) – zanimanja koja povećavaju
opseg postojećih znanja, primjenjuju znanstvene ili umjetničke spoznaje i
teorije, na sustavan način prenose navedena znanja ili kombiniraju navedene
djelatnosti
|
|
NKZ 10,
major group 2: (professionals) – occupations that increase the existing
stock of knowledge, apply scientific or artistic concepts and theories and
systematically transfer the mentioned knowledge or combine the mentioned
activities.
|
|
|
|
|
|
NKZ
10. rod 3: (tehničari i stručni suradnici) – zanimanja koja obuhvaćaju
tehničke i srodne poslove u istraživanju i primjeni znanstvenih ili
umjetničkih spoznaja i operativnih metoda te poslove u državnoj upravi
|
|
NKZ 10,
major group 3: (technicians and associate professionals) – occupations that
cover mostly technical and related tasks connected with research and the
application of scientific or artistic concepts and operational methods as
well as state administration tasks.
|
|
|
|
|
|
NKZ
10. vrste 12, 13 i 14: (administrativni i komercijalni direktori, direktori
proizvodnje i specijaliziranih usluga, direktori u turizmu, ugostiteljstvu,
trgovini na malo i drugim uslužnim djelatnostima).
|
|
NKZ 10,
groups 12, 13 and 14: (administrative and commercial managers, production
and specialised services managers, hospitality, retail and other services
managers).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Upotrijebljene
klasifikacije:
|
|
Classifications
used:
|
|
|
|
|
|
a)
|
Međunarodna
standardna klasifikacija obrazovanja ISCED 2011, upotrijebljena je pri
šifriranju obilježja postignutog obrazovanja.
|
|
a)
|
The
International Standard Classification of Education ISCED 2011 was used in
coding the education variable.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
b)
|
Nacionalna
klasifikacija zanimanja 2010. (NKZ 10.), usporediva s međunarodnom
klasifikacijom zanimanja ISCO-08, upotrijebljena je pri šifriranju
obilježja zanimanja.
|
|
b)
|
The
National Classification of Occupations, NKZ-10, comparable to the
International Standard Classification of Occupations ISCO-08, was used in
coding the occupations.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1)
|
Za detaljnija
metodološka objašnjenja Ankete o radnoj snazi, molimo, pogledajte
Priopćenje – Aktivno stanovništvo u Republici Hrvatskoj u 2018.,
brojeve 9.2.6/1., 9.2.6/2., 9.2.6/3., 9.2.6/4. i 9.2.7. na internetskim
stranicama Državnog zavoda za statistiku, www.dzs.hr.
|
1)
|
|
|
2)
|
Mjerenje
ljudskih potencijala u znanosti i tehnologiji – priručnik Canberra – peti
je u obitelji priručnika Frascati o mjerenju znanstvenih i tehnoloških
aktivnosti.
|
2)
|
Human
Resources in Science and Technology – the Canberra Manual – is the fifth
manual in the Frascati family on the measurement of scientific and
technological activities.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Kratice
|
|
Abbreviations
|
|
|
|
|
|
OECD
|
Organizacija za
ekonomsku suradnju i razvoj
|
|
EU
|
European Union
|
|
tis.
|
tisuća
|
|
OECD
|
Organisation for
Economic Cooperation and Development
|
|
UNESCO
|
Organizacija
Ujedinjenih naroda za obrazovanje, znanost i
|
|
UNESCO
|
United Nations
Educational, Scientific and Cultural
|
|
|
kulturu
|
|
|
Organization
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Objavljuje
i tiska Državni zavod za statistiku Republike Hrvatske, Zagreb, Ilica 3, p.
p. 80.
Published
and printed by the Croatian Bureau of Statistics, Zagreb, Ilica 3, P. O. B.
80
Telefon/ Phone:
+385 (0) 1 4806-111, telefaks/ Fax: +385 (0) 1 4817-666
Novinarski
upiti/ Press corner: press@dzs.hr
Odgovorne
osobe:
Persons
responsible:
Milenka
Primorac Čačić, načelnica Sektora poslovnih statistika
Milenka
Primorac Čačić, Director of Business Statistics Directorate
Lidija
Brković, glavna ravnateljica
Lidija
Brković, Director General
Priredili: Željko
Jelovečki, Ivana Goda i Matija Škegro Vdović
Prepared
by: Željko Jelovečki, Ivana Goda and Matija Škegro Vdović
|
|
MOLIMO KORISNIKE DA PRI KORIŠTENJU
PODATAKA NAVEDU IZVOR.
USERS
ARE KINDLY REQUESTED TO STATE THE SOURCE.
|
|
Naklada:
20 primjeraka
20 copies
printed
Podaci iz ovog Priopćenja
objavljuju se i na internetu.
First
Release data are also published on the Internet.
|
Informacije
i korisnički zahtjevi
Information
and user requests
|
|
Pretplata publikacija
Subscription
|
|
|
|
|
|
Telefon/ Phone:
+385 (0) 1 4806-138, 4806-154
Elektronička
pošta/ E-mail: stat.info@dzs.hr
Telefaks/
Fax: +385 (0) 1 4806-148
|
|
Telefon/
Phone: +385 (0) 1 4806-115
Elektronička
pošta/ E-mail: prodaja@dzs.hr
Telefaks/ Fax: +385 (0) 1 4806-148
|
|