GODINA/ YEAR: LVII.

ZAGREB, 4. PROSINCA 2020./ 4 DECEMBER, 2020

BROJ/ NUMBER: 2.3.2.

CODEN POPCEA        ISSN 1330-0350

PRIMJENA INFORMACIJSKIH I KOMUNIKACIJSKIH TEHNOLOGIJA (IKT)
U KUĆANSTVIMA I KOD POJEDINACA U 2020.

USAGE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES (ICT)
IN HOUSEHOLDS AND BY INDIVIDUALS, 2020

Tendencije		Tendencies
–	Opremljenost kućanstava računalom i širokopojasnim pristupom internetu u porastu je u odnosu na prethodnu godinu.	–	The share of households equipped with a personal computer and broadband internet access is rising compared to the last year.
–	Upotreba mobilnoga širokopojasnog pristupa internetu u malom je porastu.	–	Usage of mobile broadband internet access slightly increased.
–	Upotreba računala i interneta na prošlogodišnjoj je razini u svim dobnim skupinama.	–	Computer and internet usage is at the last year’s level in all age groups.
–	Upotreba mrežnih (online) usluga e-uprave porasla je za 9% u odnosu na 2019.	–	Usage of online e-government services is higher than the last year’s level (an increase of 9% compared to 2019).
–	Trgovina putem interneta na prošlogodišnjoj je razini; 46% internetskih korisnika kupovalo je robu i usluge putem interneta.	–	Commerce via the internet is at the last year’s level; 46% of internet users purchased goods or services via the internet.

Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su da je opremljenost kućanstava IKT-om u Republici Hrvatskoj u malom porastu u odnosu na prethodnu godinu. Udio kućanstava koja imaju računalo porastao je za 3%, dok je udio kućanstava s pristupom internetu porastao za 4%. Premda je udio kućanstava s mobilnim širokopojasnim pristupom internetu porastao za 1% u odnosu na 2019., udio kućanstava s fiksnim širokopojasnim pristupom internetu nešto je manji tako da na ukupnoj razini nije došlo do bitnijih promjena.

The survey results showed that the share of households equipped with ICT in the Republic of Croatia slightly increased compared to the last year. The share of households with personal computer increased by 3% and the share of households with internet access by 4%. Although the share of households with mobile broadband internet access increased by 1% compared to 2019, the share of households with fixed broadband internet access decreased slightly, so at the total level, there are no significant changes.

Distribucija korisnika računala po dobnim skupinama nije se bitnije promijenila u odnosu na prethodnu godinu. Najmlađa populacija još uvijek prednjači u upotrebi računala, a broj korisnika opada proporcionalno njihovoj dobi. Sličan trend primijećen je i u strukturi prema radnom statusu u kojoj učenici i studenti, kao najmlađa skupina, najčešće upotrebljavaju računala.

The distribution of computer users among age groups did not change significantly compared to the previous year. The youngest population still maintained the lead in computer usage and the number of users was decreasing proportionally with age. A similar trend was noticed in the employment status structure, where pupils and students, as the youngest group, were the most frequent computer users.

Primijećen je porast u gotovo svim dobnim skupinama korisnika interneta u odnosu na prethodnu godinu. Pad je prisutan samo u dobnoj skupini 65 – 74 godine, tj. 7% u odnosu na prethodnu godinu. Najmlađa populacija očekivano prednjači u upotrebi interneta, a broj korisnika opada proporcionalno njihovoj dobi. Sličan trend primijećen je i u strukturi prema radnom statusu u kojoj učenici i studenti, kao najmlađa skupina, najčešće upotrebljavaju internet.

An increase is noticed in almost all age groups of internet users compared to the previous year. A decrease was only recorded in the 65 – 74 age group, i.e. 7% compared to the previous year. As expected, the youngest population still maintained the lead in internet usage and the number of users was decreasing proportionally with age. A similar trend was noticed in the employment status structure, where pupils and students, as the youngest group, were the most frequent internet users.

Usporede li se rezultati s podacima iz prethodne godine, može se uočiti da se navike nisu bitnije promijenile. Pojedinci se najčešće koriste internetom za čitanje dnevnih novosti i časopisa (92%), prikupljanje informacija o proizvodima i uslugama (91%), gledanje videosadržaja na Youtubeu (85%), upotrebu e-pošte (84%), prikupljanje informacija o zdravlju (74%) te sudjelovanje na društvenim mrežama (73%).

The comparison of the results with data from the previous year showed that habits have not changed much. Individuals mostly used the internet for reading daily news and magazines (92%), obtaining information on goods and services (91%), watching videos on YouTube (85%), use of e-mail (84%), obtaining information on health (74%) and for participating in social networks (73%).

Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da nije došlo do bitnijeg porasta trgovine putem interneta. Robu i usluge kupovalo je putem interneta 46% internetskih korisnika, što je porast od 1% u odnosu na prethodnu godinu. Navike kupaca pokazuju da se najčešće kupuje odjeća i obuća, telekomunikacijske usluge, računala i elektronički uređaji te računalni softver i igre.

The survey results showed that commerce via the internet has not increased significantly. There were 46% of internet users who purchased goods and services via the internet, which was an increase of 1% compared to the previous year. Buyers' habits show that the most often bought items were clothes and shoes, telecommunication services, computers and electronic devices and computer software and games.

Prateći učestalost kupnje i iznos novca koji ispitanici potroše pri internetskoj kupnji, možemo vidjeti da je 64% kupaca kupovalo 1 ‒ 5 puta, dok je 75% kupaca utrošilo do 2 000 kuna.

Measuring the frequency and value spent on internet purchases, it can be seen that 64% of internet buyers had 1 – 5 purchases, while 75% of buyers spent less than 2 000 kuna.

Prvi put smo istraživali novu pojavu, Internet of Things (IoT), te smo pitali internetske korisnike služe li se inteligentnim internetskim uređajima. Ti uređaji podijeljeni su prema namjeni u sljedeće četiri skupine: kućanski aparati, sigurnosni uređaji, uređaji za upravljanjem energijom i virtualni asistenti. Rezultati su pokazali da se 20% internetskih korisnika služi nekim inteligentnim internetskim uređajem, a najčešće su to virtualni asistenti, dok su ostali uređaji manje zastupljeni.

For the first time, we have investigated a new phenomenon, the Internet of Things (IoT) and asked internet users if they use intelligent internet devices. These devices are divided into the following four groups according to their purpose: household appliances, safety devices, energy management devices and virtual assistants. The results showed that 20% of internet users use some of the IoT devices, most often virtual assistants, while other devices are underrepresented.

Pitali smo internetske korisnike za razloge zbog kojih se ne služe inteligentnim internetskim uređajima. Premda su sve kategorije odgovora gotovo podjednako zastupljene, korisnici najčešće ističu da nemaju potrebu za upotrebom takvih uređaja te da su im preskupi.

We also asked internet users about the reasons why they do not use IoT devices. Although all response categories were relatively equally represented, users most often pointed out that they do not have need to use such devices and that such devices were too expensive.

METODOLOŠKA OBJAŠNJENJA		NOTES ON METHODOLOGY
Svrha statističkog istraživanja		The purpose of the statistical survey
Podaci prikazani u ovom Priopćenju jesu procjene dobivene iz istraživanja IKT-DOM. To je godišnje istraživanje o primjeni informacijskih i komunikacijskih tehnologija (IKT) u kućanstvima i kod pojedinaca. Pruža informacije o računalnoj i informacijskoj pismenosti hrvatske populacije. Svrha ovog istraživanja jest izmjeriti raširenost upotrebe računala i ostalih informacijsko-komunikacijskih tehnologija, broj osoba u Republici Hrvatskoj koji su korisnici interneta i za koje svrhe upotrebljavaju internet. Podaci su važan izvor za provođenje politike u području informacijskog društva u Republici Hrvatskoj i EU.		Data shown in this First Release are estimates obtained through the IKT-DOM Survey. This is an annual survey on the usage of information and communication technologies (ICT) in households and by individuals. It provides information on computer and information literacy of the Croatian population. This survey measures the usage of computers and other information and communication technologies as well as the number of persons in the Republic of Croatia who use the internet and for what purposes. The data are an important source for conducting policies in the field of information society in the Republic of Croatia as well as in the European Union.
Pravna osnova		Legal framework
Istraživanje IKT-DOM provedeno je u okviru smjernica Eurostata tijekom 2020., a provodi se na temelju Zakona o službenoj statistici (NN, br. 25/20.). Istraživanja su provedena u svim državama EU-a. Dakle, podaci su međunarodno usporedivi. Međunarodni podaci dostupni su na e-adresi		The IKT-DOM Survey was conducted in 2020 according to Eurostat guidelines and on the basis of the Official Statistics Act (NN, No. 25/20). The same surveys were conducted in all EU Member States and, therefore, data are internationally comparable. The international data are available on the following web site address:
Digital economy and society http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Digital_economy_and_society.		Digital economy and society http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Digital_economy_and_society.
Koncepti i definicije koji se primjenjuju u istraživanju usklađeni su s EU-ovom Metodologijom za statistike o Informacijskom društvu, 2020., a posebno s temeljnom Uredbom Europskog parlamenta i Vijeća (EZ) br. 808/2004 o statistici Zajednice o informacijskom društvu.		Concepts and definitions used in the Survey are in line with the EU Methodology for Statistics on the Information Society, 2020, especially with Regulation (EC) No. 808/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning Community statistics on the information society.
Promatrane jedinice		Observation units
Promatrane jedinice jesu osobe u dobi između 16 i 74 godine i njihova kućanstva.		The observation units are persons aged 16 to 74 and their households.
Odabrane osobe odgovaraju na pitanja iz upitnika, a u slučaju njihove odsutnosti na pitanja može odgovarati i neki drugi član kućanstva uime odabrane osobe.		Selected persons answer the questionnaire. In case of their absence, another household member can answer instead, but on behalf of the selected person.
Referentno razdoblje		Reference period
Sva pitanja u anketi odnose se na razdoblje od tri mjeseca prije provođenja ankete.		All questions in the survey refer to the period of three months prior to the beginning of the survey.
Veličina uzorka		Sample size
Veličina uzorka jest 5 499 osoba čija je dob u vrijeme prikupljanja podataka bila između 16 i 74 godine.		The sample size was 5 499 persons aged 16 to 74 at the time of data collection.
Okvir uzorka		Sampling frame
Osnova za okvir uzorka jest Popis stanovništva, kućanstava i stanova 2011. godine i telefonski imenici telefonskih operatera.		The basis for the sampling frame is the 2011 Census of Population, Households and Dwellings of the Republic of Croatia and phone directories of phone companies.
Metoda prikupljanja podataka		Data collection method
Podaci su prikupljeni telefonskim intervjuom koji je praćen putem računala (CATI) te putem interneta upotrebom mrežnog (online) upitnika (CAWI).		The data were collected by computer-assisted telephone interviewing (CATI) and via the internet by using the online questionnaire (CAWI).
Stupanj neodaziva		Non-response rate
Od ukupnog uzorka (5 499 jedinica), 5 416 jedinica bilo je prihvatljivo, a u istraživanju je sudjelovalo 2 456 osoba. To znači da je stupanj odaziva bio 45,4%, a stupanj prihvatljivosti 98,5%. Stupanj neodaziva bio je 54,6%.		Out of the total sample size (5 499 units), 5 416 units were eligible and 2 456 persons took part in the survey. It means that the response rate was 45.4% and the eligibility rate was 98.5%. The non-response rate was 54.6%.
Ponderacija		Weighting
Ponderacijom se računa nepristrana procjena i postiže reprezentativnost uzorka za ukupnu populaciju. Podaci u istraživanju odnose se na pojedince i kućanstvo, stoga se računaju dva pondera:		Weighting calculates an unbiased estimate and achieves representativeness of the sample for the whole population. The survey data refer to persons and households and therefore two weights were calculated:
–	ponder za pojedince	–	the weight for individuals and
–	ponder za kućanstvo.	–	the household weight.
RIM weighting metoda (iterative proportional fitting – IPF) primijenjena je za projiciranje pojedinaca na ukupnu populaciju. Varijable primijenjene za projiciranje jesu sljedeće: županija, veličina naselja, spol, dob i razina obrazovanja.		The RIM weighting procedure (iterative proportional fitting – IPF) was used for the grossing-up of individuals. Variables used for the grossing-up were the following: county, settlement size, sex, age and educational attainment level.
RIM weighting metoda primijenjena je i za projiciranje kućanstava na ukupnu populaciju. Ekstrapolacijski ponder izračunan je za svako kućanstvo koje je sudjelovalo u istraživanju, a metoda izračuna obuhvatila je županiju, veličinu naselja i stupanj urbanizacije.		The Rim weighting procedure was used for the grossing-up of households as well. The extrapolation weight was calculated for each household that participated in the survey and the calculation method included the county, settlement size and the level of urbanization.
Proširen je izračunani ponder za pojedince na ukupnu populaciju osoba u dobi između 16 i 74 godine. U Republici Hrvatskoj 31. prosinca 2019. bilo je 3 057 650 osoba u dobi između 16 i 74 godine.		The calculated weight for individuals was extended to the whole population of persons aged 16 to 74. On 31 December 2019, there were 3 057 650 people aged 16 to 74 in the Republic of Croatia.
Proširen je izračunani ponder za kućanstva na ukupnu populaciju kućanstava, tj. kućanstva s najmanje jednom osobom u dobi između 16 i 74 godine. U Republici Hrvatskoj 31. prosinca 2019. bilo je 1 290 611 kućanstava s najmanje jednom osobom u dobi između 16 i 74 godine.		The calculated household weight is extended to the whole population of households, that is, to households with at least one person aged 16 to 74. On 31 December 2019, there were 1 290 611 households with at least one person aged 16 to 74.
Definicije i objašnjenja		Definitions and explanations
Broadband su širokopojasne tehnologije ili veze koje omogućuju brz prijenos podataka, osobito filmova, igara, videokonferencija putem internetske mreže (npr. ADSL, kabelska veza, UMTS, optička veza, VDSL, unajmljeni vod).		Broadband are technologies or connections that enable rapid transmission of data, especially films, games, video-conferences over an internet network (e.g. ADSL, cable connection, UMTS, optical connection, VDSL, leased lines).
E-trgovina označuje kupnju ili naručivanje proizvoda i usluga putem interneta. Pisane elektroničke poruke ne smatraju se e-trgovinom.		E-commerce means buying or ordering goods and services over the internet. Typed e-mails are not considered e-commerce.
IKT (informacijske i komunikacijske tehnologije) jesu softver i hardver upotrijebljen za komuniciranje podacima (npr. računalo, telefaks, internet, fiksni mobilni telefon).		ICT (Information and Communication Technology) are software and hardware used for data communication (e.g. computer, fax, the internet, fixed mobile phone).
Internet je svjetska mreža računala, komunicira na temelju standardnih internetskih protokola i omogućuje korisnicima razmjenu tekstualnih i audiovizualnih informacija.		Internet is a worldwide network of computers, communicating on the basis of standard internet protocols that enable users to exchange textual and audio-visual information.
UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) poznat je kao 3G tehnologija dizajnirana kao nasljednik GSM-a. Omogućuje korisniku prijenos slika i videozapisa, velike količine podataka bežičnim načinom te pristup internetu.		UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) is also known as 3G technology which was designed as a successor to GSM. It enables users to transmit images, video, high volume of data through a wireless connection and access the internet.
Internet of Things		Internet of Things
Pojam Internet of Things podrazumijeva sustav međusobno povezanih računalnih uređaja, mehaničkih i digitalnih strojeva te predmeta koji mogu komunicirati i prenositi podatke mrežom bez potrebe za ljudskim pristupom i interakcijom čovjeka. Objekte u takvu sustavu moguće je podešavati putem interneta, programirati ih da izvršavaju zadatke, a mogu i međusobno razmjenjivati podatke.		The term Internet of Things means a system of interconnected computer devices, mechanical and digital machines and objects that can communicate and transmit data over a network, without the need for human access and human interaction. Objects in such a system can be set up via the internet, programmed to perform tasks, and can also exchange data with each other.
Obrazovanje je podijeljeno na:		Education is divided as follows
–	niže obrazovanje; uključuje osobe bez školskog obrazovanja ili s nedovršenim osnovnim obrazovanjem i pojedince sa završenom osnovnom školom	–	Basic education; includes persons without schooling or with incomplete primary education and persons who have only finished primary school
–	srednje obrazovanje; uključuje osobe s višim tehničkim obrazovanjem i osobe s višim srednjoškolskim općim obrazovanjem	–	Secondary education; includes persons with upper secondary general or vocational education
–	visoko obrazovanje; uključuje osobe s visokim neakademskim obrazovanjem, osobe s profesionalno orijentiranim visokim obrazovanjem, fakultetskim obrazovanjem i osobe s poslijediplomskim obrazovanjem te magistarske i doktorske studije.	–	Tertiary education; includes persons with higher non-academic education, persons with professionally-oriented higher education, faculty education and persons with post-graduate education.

Kratice		Abbreviations
ADSL	asimetrična digitalna pretplatnička linija	ADSL	Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line
EU	Europska unija	EC	European Community
EZ	Europska zajednica	EU	European Union
Eurostat	Statistički ured Europske unije	Eurostat	Statistical Office of the European Communities
GSM	globalni sistem za mobilnu komunikaciju	NN	Narodne novine, official gazette of the Republic of Croatia
NN	Narodne novine	GSM	Global System for Mobile Communications
USB	univerzalna serijska sabirnica	USB	Universal Serial Bus
VDSL	digitalna pretplatnička linija vrlo velike brzine	VDSL	Very-High-Bit-Rate Digital Subscriber Line

U ovom Priopćenju objavljuju se podaci istraživanja koje je provedeno uz financijsku pomoć Europske unije. Za njegov sadržaj odgovoran je isključivo Državni zavod za statistiku te ni u kojem slučaju ne izražava stav Europske unije.

The survey whose data are published in this First Release has been conducted with the financial assistance of the European Union. The contents of this document are the sole responsibility of the Croatian Bureau of Statistics and can under no circumstances be regarded as reflecting the position of the European Union.

Objavljuje Državni zavod za statistiku Republike Hrvatske, Zagreb, Ilica 3, p. p. 80.

Published by the Croatian Bureau of Statistics, Zagreb, Ilica 3, P. O. B. 80

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Odgovorne osobe:

Persons responsible:

Dubravka Rogić-Hadžalić, načelnica Sektora demografskih i društvenih statistika

Dubravka Rogić-Hadžalić, Director of Demographic and Social Statistics Directorate

Lidija Brković, glavna ravnateljica

Lidija Brković, Director General

Priredio: Hrvoje Markuš

Prepared by: Hrvoje Markuš

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