Air emissions accounts
NOTES ON METHODOLOGY
Source and methods of data collection
The data source for air emission accounts is the data compilation of the Croatian Bureau of Statistics and the Ministry of Environmental Protection and Green Transition.
The air emission accounts are one of the several physical modules of Eurostat’s programme of environmental economic accounts. They are covered by Regulation (EU) No 691/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 July 2011 on European environmental economic accounts.
Air emission accounts record physical flows of gaseous or particulate materials ("air emissions"), which occur as a result of economic activity (production activities of business entities and activities of private households), as explained in the European System of National Accounts (ESA). They are based on the residence principle.
A basis for air emissions accounting according to economic activities (National Classification of Activities, 2007 version), i.e. according to the residence principle, are data obtained from:
1) Reports on greenhouse gas emissions inventory on the territory of the Republic of Croatia according to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Kyoto Protocol,
3) Physical energy flow accounts (PEFA questionnaire).
Differences between air emission accounts and data from official national air emission inventories are reported through bridging items. The difference is caused by implementation of two methodological concepts: residence principle and territorial principle. In accordance with the definition of system boundaries within economy based on the residence principle, air emission accounts at the national level exclude emissions produced by non-residents (e.g., tourists and international carriers), but include emissions produced by resident units abroad. The main source for the calculation of bridging items is the physical energy flow account.
The data in the national inventories are presented according to five main sectors (Energy, Industrial Processes, Solvent and Other Product Use, Agriculture, LULUCF and Waste). Emissions by economic activities are calculated by using certain national data (official data of the Croatian Bureau of Statistics, data on activities and emissions of direct and indirect greenhouse gases, data from the Environmental Pollution Register, data from the energy balance, data on fluorinated greenhouse gases (F-gases) and data taken over from reports on air emissions of pollutants), which help in linking the source data categories and standard economic classifications.
Definitions
Air emissions are physical flows of gaseous or particulate materials from economy (production or consumption processes) that pollute the atmosphere. Air emissions include emissions of greenhouse gases CO2, N2O, CH4, HFC, PFC and SF6 NF3, as well as emissions of air pollutants NOX, SOX, NH3, NMHOS, CO, PM2.5 and PM10.
Abbreviations
CH4 methane
CO carbon monoxide
CO2 carbon dioxide
EU European Union
Eurostat Statistical Office of the European Union
Gg gigagram (1 gigagram = 1 kilotonne)
HFC hydrofluorocarbon
LULUCF Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry
Mg megagram (1 megagram = 1 tonne)
NH3 ammonia
N2O nitrous oxide
NMVOC non-methane volatile organic compounds
NOx nitrogen oxides
PFC perfluorocarbons
PM2.5 particulate matter (less than or equal to a nominal 2.5 microns)
PM10 particulate matter (less than or equal to a nominal 10 microns)
SF6 NF3 sulphur hexafluoride and nitrogen trifluoride
SOx sulphur oxides
t tonne