Inputs of raw materials and consumables in industrial production
NOTES ON METHODOLOGY
The Statistical Report, entitled the Inputs of Raw Materials in Industrial Production in 2023 – Detailed Annual Results, contains the most comprehensive and the most detailed results of the Annual Survey on Consumption of Raw Materials, Consumables and Energy in Industry (IND-21/REPRO form) in 2023. The data on the volume and value of consumed raw materials and consumables (inputs) for the purpose of industrial production (outputs) in 2023 are presented at the detailed level of raw materials and consumables (including services) of the Nomenclature of Raw Material Inputs of Industry – NRMI 2016. All presented data are aggregated at the Republic of Croatia level and at the county level by summing up individual data collected for industrial local units (not enterprises).
The first part contains a review for the Republic of Croatia − total, first of aggregated data on values of consumed raw materials and consumables in 2023 at the 3-digit group level of the NKD 2007. (table 1.), then of detailed data on raw materials and consumables (own-produced, domestic or/and non-domestic) according to the NRMI 2016, consumed for industrial production purposes in 2023, each of them expressed in volumes and values (table 2.).
The most important raw materials and consumables consumed for the industrial production purposes and selected by value in 2023 are shown in table 3.
The second part contains a review by counties, first of aggregated data on values of consumed raw materials and consumables in 2023 (table 1.) and then of detailed data on consumed raw materials and consumables (own-produced, domestic or/and non-domestic) according to the NRMI 2016, consumed for industrial production purposes in 2023, each of them expressed in volumes and values (table 2.). Values were aggregated on the basis of the activity in which raw materials and consumables were consumed for production purposes, which is defined at the 3-digit level of the NKD 2007. Lower levels of the NKD 2007 could not be published for reasons of data confidentiality.
Users should particularly pay attention to the fact that the data on energy in industry, collected also by the IND - 21/REPRO survey for 2023, are published within a special publication on energy, that is, the Statistical Report No. 1729 entitled Energy Statistics in 2023.
Detailed results of the Annual Survey on Raw Material and Energy Consumption in Industry (IND-21/REPRO form) in 2023 (hereinafter referred to as REPRO Survey for 2023) are presented. The results were aggregated from data collected at the level of the Nomenclature of Raw Materials and Consumables for Industry – NRMI 2016, which is an integral part of the Statistical Standards for the Annual Survey on Raw Materials and Energy Consumption in Industry (IND-21/REPRO form) for 2023 in the Republic of Croatia (NN, No. 60/09). The term "industry" is defined by four industrial sections B, C, D and E (divisions 36 and 38) according to the NKD 2007 (NN, Nos 58/07 and 72/02). This definition of industry is harmonised with the definition used in all branch industrial surveys within the Croatian Bureau of Statistics as well as with the definition used for industry statistics within the EU.
LEGAL BASIS OF REPRO SURVEY
The Annual REPRO Survey for 2023 was carried out by the Croatian Bureau of Statistics on the basis of the Official Statistics Act (NN, Nos 25/20 and 155/23) and the Programme of Statistical Activities of the Republic of Croatia 2021 – 2027 (NN, No. 31/18) according to the above-mentioned Statistical Standards. The obligation to provide data is based on Article 45 of the Official Statistics Act.
REPRO SURVEY INDICATORS ON CONSUMPTION OF RAW MATERIALS AND CONSUMABLES FOR INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION PURPOSES (from PRODCOM), 2023
First results refer to the most recent data on the industrial consumption statistics and were derived from the annual results of the above mentioned REPRO Survey for 2023 REPRO results provide for detailed information primarily used in the compilation of use tables (inputs) by putting them in relation to PRODCOM results1) on industrial products sold (output) in order to enable the analysis of commodity flow, taking into account the input-output concepts at the detailed level of raw materials/products (nomenclatures NRMI 2016./NIP 2023).
All data presented here were calculated by aggregation of individual data on consumed raw materials and consumables classified in the NRMI 2016, which is an integral part of the mentioned Statistical Standards. However, the commentary on main results of REPRO Survey for 2023 (inputs) was shown in the comparison with results of the PRODCOM Survey for 2023 (outputs) in order to emphasise the main purpose and aim of this Survey and to provide for a common framework with the PRODCOM Survey so to enable the input-output analysis on harmonised basis (in the scope of national accounts).
Therefore, table 1 shows the main results on the value of consumed raw materials and consumables for industrial production purposes by usage of industrial sections (the NKD 2007 industrial sections and divisions level) for the total Republic of Croatia in 2023 parallel with the PRODCOM results for 2023 on the value of industrial products sold (output) generated by the same units. Concerning their origin, raw materials and consumables, including services, might be either purchased on markets (domestic or non-domestic) from third parties or might be own-produced intermediate products, but both were calculated in values of purchase prices. The regional review of aggregated data on the value of consumed raw materials and consumables, including services, for industrial production purposes, also expressed in purchase prices, was shown in table 1 at the county level.
1) See the commentary and Notes on Methodology in the First Release IND-2024-5-2 Production and Sale of Industrial Products (PRODCOM), 2023 – Provisional Data, September 2024.
COMPARABILITY OF REPRO SURVEY DATA
In the period from 2000 to 2003, data in natural figures on consumption of raw materials, consumables and final energy in industry were collected on the Quarterly Survey IND-1K (Survey on Consumption of Raw Materials and Consumables and Final Energy Consumption in Industry). Before that, the same type of data had been collected on the Monthly Report of Industry (IND-1 form) based on joint Notes on Methodology for IND-1, particularly in the part related to table 22). Both surveys relied on the first version of the Nomenclature of Raw Material Inputs in Industry, 1997 version (NRMI 1997), which was a constituent part of the aforementioned methodology. The new Statistical Standards for the REPRO Survey are used for annual collection of data, starting with 2004 as a reference year, on the basis of a revised version of the NRMI 2008, which is used for the collection of all data on individual raw materials and consumables in industry. All four nomenclatures, NRMI 1997, NRMI 2004, NRMI 2008 and NRMI 2016, follow the structure of the classification of the same kind, namely its versions KPD 1995, KPD 20023), KPD 2008 and KPD 2015, for which correspondence tables were created. Hence the data are mutually comparable at a certain level, in natural figures (quantities), because previously they were not collected in value terms.
COVERAGE AND UNITS OF REPRO SURVEY
Reporting units in the REPRO Survey on the Consumption of Raw Materials and Consumables in Industry in 2023 are all trade companies, tradesmen and other legal units and parts thereof employing 10 and more persons that consumed raw materials and consumables for industrial production purposes within the NKD 2007 industrial sections B, C, D and E (divisions 36 and 38) in a referent annual period. Target statistical units are industrial enterprises and industrial local units of industrial and non-industrial enterprises that consumed raw materials and consumables, as defined in the NRMI 2016, for industrial production purposes, which has been already recorded in the PRODCOM Survey for 2023. Statistical units or parts thereof that are “physically” situated outside the territory of the Republic of Croatia were not covered by the mentioned Survey. In profiling of statistical units – industrial local units – the county principle was taken into account. In cases when observation units operate on the territory of different counties, e.g. in five counties, they are further divided into five local units. The coverage of the REPRO Survey on Raw Materials and Consumables and Energy Consumption in Industry for 2023 (inputs) is identical with the coverage of the PRODCOM Survey on industrial production for 2023 (outputs) in order to analyse the commodity flow in a consistent and comparable way, taking into account the input-output concepts. For that reason, the coverage of reporting and statistical units is defined in the Address Book of Industrial Statistical Units, which was established by the Department of Annual Business Statistics and Producer Prices of Industry, having the same scope, concept and criteria of coverage as the Address Book for the PRODCOM Survey.
CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS OF REPRO SURVEY
Concepts and definitions used in this REPRO Survey were taken over mostly from the ESA 20104) as well as from other EU or UN statistical terminology. They provide for a further description of some of the terms used in the presentation of the REPRO results, but they are not intended to provide definitive meanings of these words, for in other contexts they may have different meanings. They are intended for users of the REPRO results, in order to prevent the misinterpretation of data.
2) NRMI 1997 can be found in the Annex of the Notes on methodology in the Monthly Report on Industry (IND-1 form). It was also used as a statistical standard in the Croatian Bureau of Statistics for the Quarterly Survey on Consumption of Raw Materials and Consumables and Final Consumption of Fuel in Industry (NN, No. 18/97).
3) The KPD 2002 is the acronym of the Classification of Products by Activities of the Republic of Croatia (NN, No. 128/03).
4) The European System of Accounts 2010 (Regulation (EU) No 549/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 May 2013 on the European system of national and regional accounts in the European Union) is harmonised with the SNA 2008 – the UN System of National Accounts (ISBN 978-92-1-161522-7). The acronym ESA 2010 is used throughout the text.
NRMI 2016. NOMENCLATURE
The NRMI 2016 is an integral part of the above-mentioned Statistical Standards for the REPRO Survey. The hierarchically structured Nomenclature of Raw Materials and Consumables, including Services, 2016 version, was created for measuring the annual consumption of raw materials and consumables for industrial production purposes in volume and value terms. It represents the national, more detailed version of the KPD 2015. The NRMI 2016 version, as opposed to the NRMI 1997 version, was specially made to be used in monitoring the consumption in each of the NKD 2007 industrial activity group separately (05.1 to 38.3). Therefore, the first three digits indicate an industrial group of activity in which certain raw materials or consumables are usually used (including industrial services). The following six digits indicate a particular code of individual raw materials or consumables classified in the NRMI 2016, but it is, in fact, a KPD 2015 item. The NRMI 2016 version is based on the KPD 2015 version and harmonised, at the level of raw materials/products, with the EU Combined Nomenclature 2023 (CN) as well as with the Customs Tariff of the Republic of Croatia for 20235) via correspondence tables. The NRMI 2016 code of raw materials and consumables consists of 10 digits, but providing that for individual raw material or consumable classified in the NRMI 2016, reporting units, while filling in the IND-21/REPRO form, are obliged to add the eleventh digit to this code, which indicates its origin (own produced, domestic or non-domestic). The current version of the NRMI 2016 is harmonised with the new classification system. The breakdown of raw materials and consumables classified in the NRMI 2016, which are consumed by industries for the industrial production purposes at the NKD 2007 activity group level, is defined with the KPD 2015 and mostly covers raw materials and consumables classified in the KPD 2015 production sections A to E. In exceptional cases, the KPD 2015 items are further divided in cases when particular raw materials and consumables seemed to be very important for a specific production, but were not recognisable at the sub-category level of the KPD 2015 products. The NRMI 2016 comprises about 7 800 codes of raw materials and consumables, together with assigned measurement units used in expressing data on the annual consumption of raw materials and consumables.
5) The Customs Tariff of the Republic of Croatia, 2023 version, is harmonised with the CN 2023 of the European Union up to the eight-digit code.
RAW MATERIALS AND CONSUMABLES
According to the concept of the REPRO Survey, the term “raw materials and consumables” is defined in a wider context and refers to all goods with physical dimension as well as to industrial services that can be found in the NRMI 2016 under a separate code, providing that they are used as inputs in the production process of reporting units, where they may either be transformed or used up in the production process. The NRMI 2016 comprises detailed raw materials and consumables, which includes energy for transformation purposes or non-energy consumption (excluding those used for final energy consumption in industry), spare parts, small tools, containers, tubes and tires for vehicles and other consumables to be consumed by each NKD 2007 industrial activity group (05.1 – 38.3).
CONSUMPTION OF RAW MATERIALS IN INDUSTRY
Consumption of raw materials in industry covers the consumption of raw materials and consumables purchased and consumed by industrial statistical units in their production process in the industry sector. It also covers the consumption of own-produced raw materials and consumables (intermediate products of a reporting unit) as well as those purchased by industrial statistical units on domestic or non-domestic market (imports) and consumed in their production process in an annual reference period.
In the REPRO Survey, the consumption of each raw material and consumable classified in the NRMI 2016 is recorded in volume (using a defined measurement unit) and in values in thousands of euro. It has to be recorded in purchaser prices obtainable for the same kind of goods or services at the moment they are actually entering the production process, that is, when they are consumed, and not when they are purchased and put on stock (inventories). The consumption of raw materials and consumables is harmonised with the definition from the European System of Accounts (ESA 2010), in the part referring to the intermediate consumption6). This definition excludes the consumption of fixed assets (buildings, machinery, equipment, land) which is recorded as the consumption of fixed capital
6) Harmonised with the definition of the intermediate consumption taken over from the ESA 2010 (3.69). Explanation for the acronym ESA 2010 can be found in footnote 4.
PURCHASE PRICES
At the time of purchase, a purchase price is a price a purchaser actually pays for products. It includes taxes and charges on products, but excludes VAT and other deductible taxes (e.g., excises) and subsidies. It also includes any transport charges paid separately by the purchaser at a place of delivery and excludes any discount for bulk or off-peak purchase as well as interest or service charges added under credit arrangements or any charge paid as a result of failing to pay within a stated period of time. In the REPRO Survey, the value of raw materials and consumables consumed in industry has to be recorded in current purchase prices obtainable for the same kind of goods or services at the moment when they actually enter the production process, that is, when they are consumed, and not when they were purchased and put on stock (inventories). It is in line with the ESA 2010 concept.
PRODCOM PRODUCT
Product is an outcome of a certain economic activity. It is a generic term applied to products that have a physical dimension as well as for industrial services. It is defined by the headings of the Nomenclature of Industrial Products – NIP and it is an integral part of the PRODCOM Survey on Industrial Production of the Republic of Croatia. The REPRO Survey for 2023 corresponds to the industrial production defined by the 2023 version of NIP, while for annual REPRO surveys for 2023 and further on it will be necessary to use revised NIP versions for every subsequent reporting year. Besides their publication in Narodne novine (NN) at the beginning of each subsequent year, these versions will be available on the internet site of the Croatian Bureau of Statistics.
VALUE OF PRODCOM PRODUCTS SOLD
It is calculated on the basis of the selling price obtained/obtainable during the reporting period (invoiced values). The value of production includes packaging costs, even if they are charged separately, but the following costs are not included: any turnover and consumer tax charged (VAT and excises), separately charged freight costs, any discount granted to customers. If finished products are hired out or leased to third parties, the price obtainable on the market for the product in question is recorded as an estimated value.
INPUT-OUTPUT TABLES
Input-output tables are means of presenting a detailed analysis of the process of production and the use of goods and services (products) and the income generated in that production. They can be designed in the form of either supply and use tables or symmetric input-output tables. The term is defined within the ESA 2010 concept.
DATA PRESENTED IN TABLES
PART ONE – REVIEW OF REPUBLIC OF CROATIA
The review of detailed data on the total value of consumed raw materials and consumables for the Republic of Croatia – total is given in tables 1 − 3. In order to ensure the correct use of the presented data, there are brief methodological explanations for the tables by the order of their presentation.
TABLE 1 VALUE OF CONSUMED RAW MATERIALS AND CONSUMABLES FOR INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION PURPOSES, BY CONSUMPTION IN NKD 2007 INDUSTRIAL SECTIONS, DIVISIONS AND GROUPS
This table presents data on the value of consumed raw materials and consumables in 2023, aggregated according to the NRMI 2016 by the NKD 2007 sections, divisions and groups, in which individual row materials and consumables of the NRMI 2016 were used for industrial production purposes, which reporting units expressed in the PRODCOM Survey for 2023 for industrial local units.
Data on the consumption of raw materials and consumables aggregated according to the NRMI 2016 is shown here for the total value as well as for values broken down by the origin of a raw material: own production, from domestic markets or from non-domestic markets.
TABLE 2 VALUE OF CONSUMED RAW MATERIALS AND CONSUMABLES FOR INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION PURPOSES, BY ORIGIN OF RAW MATERIALS – DETAILED NRMI LEVEL
This table presents consumed raw materials and consumables originating from own production (code "1" in the column ”Origin”), from purchase on domestic market (code "8" in the column ”Origin”) or from purchase on non-domestic market (code "9" in the column ”Origin”). In order to avoid duplicity in the interpretation of data, users should keep in mind that a new code for “total” (that is, for all origins if there are more than one) has been generated for every used individual product code, so it is possible to use either a code for “total” marked with "0" in the column ”Origin” or individual codes for origin (1, 8 or 9 in the column ”Origin”).
The number of local units may be the same or larger than the number of enterprises, since one enterprise may have one or more local units, depending on whether it carries out a certain industrial activity in one or more counties.
For the protection of individual information, if a number of reporting units/enterprises or a number of local units is smaller than 3, it is marked with "z" (protected data).
The average value of consumed raw materials is a derived indicator and is expressed in euro. It is calculated by using a simple formula, by dividing the total value of consumed individual raw materials by the total consumed volumes of the same raw materials and then multiply them by 1 000 to get values in euro. It represents a unit value rather than their average price.
TABLE 3 MOST IMPORTANT RAW MATERIALS AND CONSUMABLES CONSUMED FOR INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION PURPOSES SELECTED BY VALUE, 2023
This table presents consumed raw materials and consumables originating from own production, domestic and non-domestic market, which are, regarding the PRODCOM 2023, the most important for consumption
PART TWO – REVIEW BY COUNTIES
The Review by Counties contains aggregated data on the consumption of raw materials and consumables for industrial production purposes according to the territorial constitution with the situation as on 31 December 2023 (the Act on Territories of Counties, Towns and Municipalities in the Republic of Croatia; NN, Nos 86/06, 125/06, 16/07, 95/08, 46/10, 145/10, 37/13, 44/13, 45/13 and 110/15).
TABLE 1 VALUE OF CONSUMED RAW MATERIALS AND CONSUMABLES FOR INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION PURPOSES, BY CONSUMPTION IN INDUSTRIAL NKD 2007 SECTIONS, BY ORIGIN AND BY COUNTIES, 2022 AND 2023
The table presents review of raw materials and consumables consumed for PRODCOM industrial production purposes in 2022 and 2023, by counties and by origin.
TABLE 2 VALUE OF CONSUMED RAW MATERIALS AND CONSUMABLES, BY COUNSUMPTION ACTIVITIES IN INDUSTRIAL NKD 2007 SECTIONS, BY ORIGIN AND BY COUNTIES, 2022 AND 2023
This table presents a detailed review of raw materials and consumables according to the NRMI 2016 that local units consumed for (PRODCOM) industrial production purposes in 2022 and 2023. This is shown separately for each county in the same way as in the Review of the Republic of Croatia. Data on the consumption of individual raw materials and consumables aggregated according to the NRMI 2016 is shown here for the total value as well as for values broken down by sections and the origin of raw materials and consumables (quantities and values) from own production, from domestic markets or from non-domestic markets.
For the protection of individual information, if the number of reporting units/enterprises or the number of local units is smaller than 3, it is marked with "z" (protected data).
ABBREVIATIONS
cg centigram
cm centimetre
cm3 cubic centimetre
CN Combined Nomenclature
CT Customs Tariff
eff. Effective
ESA European System of Accounts
EU European Union
g gram
GJ giga-joule
GT gross tonnage
hl hectolitre
Hz hertz
KAU kind-of-activity unit
KPD 1995, 2002, 2008, 2015 Classification of Products by Activity, 1995, 2002, 2008, 2015 version
kg kilogram
km kilometre
km2 square kilometre
kVA kilovolt ampere
kW kilowatt
I litre
m metre
m2 square metre
m3 cubic metre
min minute
mln million
mm millimetre
n. e. c. not elsewhere classified
NIP 2023 Nomenclature of Industrial Products, 2023 version
NKD 2007 National Classification of Activities, 2007 version
NN Narodne novine, official gazette of the Republic of Croatia
No. number
Nos numbers
NRMI 1997, 2004, 2008, 2016 Nomenclature of Raw Material Inputs in Industry, 1997, 2004, 2008 and 2016 versions
PRODCOM PRODucts of the European COMmunity
p/st number of items (pieces/sticks)
PVC polyvinylchloride
t tonne
TML tetramethyl lead
V volt
VAT value added tax
W watt
z data are not published for confidentiality reasons
‘000 thousand
SYMBOLS
0 value not zero but less than 0.5 of unit of measure used
* corrected data
- no occurrence
< less than
= equal
> more than